Functional Metal Oxides -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Part I Magnetic Oxides -- 1 Introduction to Magnetic Oxides -- 1.1 Oxide Structures and Crystal Chemistry -- 1.2 Oxide Growth -- 1.2.1 Polycrystalline Materials -- 1.2.1.1 Precipitation -- 1.2.1.2 Sol-Gel -- 1.2.1.3 Solid-State Reaction -- 1.2.1.4 Combustion Synthesis -- 1.2.2 Single Crystals -- 1.2.2.1 Bridgeman Method -- 1.2.2.2 Czochralski Method -- 1.2.2.3 Zone Melting (Image Furnace) -- 1.2.2.4 Flux Method -- 1.2.2.5 Chemical Vapor Reactions -- 1.2.3 Thin Films -- 1.2.3.1 Physical Methods -- 1.2.3.2 Chemical Methods -- 1.3 Magnetic Properties of 3d and 4f Ions -- 1.4 Magnetic Interactions in Oxides -- 1.4.1 Superexchange -- 1.4.2 Double Exchange -- 1.4.3 Antisymmetric Exchange -- 1.4.4 Direct Exchange -- 1.4.5 Orbital Order -- 1.4.6 Charge Order -- 1.5 Concentrated Magnetic Oxides -- 1.5.1 αFe2O3 -- 1.5.2 Fe3O4 -- 1.5.3 NiO -- 1.5.4 Y3Fe5O12 -- 1.5.5 SrFe12O19 -- 1.5.6 (La,Sr)MnO3 -- 1.5.7 CrO2 -- 1.5.8 Tl2Mn2O7 -- 1.6 Dilute Magnetic Oxides -- 1.6.1 Magnetism of Oxide Surfaces, Interfaces, and Defects -- 1.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Magnetic/Multifunctional Double Perovskite Oxide Thin Films -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Thin-Film Deposition -- 2.2.1 The Requirement for Epitaxy -- 2.2.2 Interfaces, Strain, and Defects -- 2.2.3 Pulsed Laser Deposition -- 2.2.4 Control of Deposition Parameters -- 2.2.5 Stoichiometry Control with Volatile Constituents -- 2.2.6 Control of Defect Concentration -- 2.3 Structure and Morphology -- 2.3.1 Phase and Epitaxy: X-Ray -- 2.3.2 Surface Morphology: Scanning Electronic Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy -- 2.3.3 Interfaces and Defects: Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 2.4 Electronic Structure -- 2.4.1 Raman Spectroscopy -- 2.4.2 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy -- 2.4.3 X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy.

2.5 Physical Properties -- 2.5.1 Magnetization -- 2.5.1.1 Ferromagnetic Resonance -- 2.5.1.2 Kerr Spectroscopy -- 2.5.1.3 Superconducting Quantum Interference Device -- 2.5.1.4 X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism -- 2.5.2 Transport Properties -- 2.5.2.1 DC Transport -- 2.5.2.2 DC Transport in Magnetic Field -- 2.5.2.3 AC Transport -- 2.5.2.4 AC Transport in Magnetic Field -- 2.6 Applications of Multifunctional Oxides -- 2.7 Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Dopants, Defects and Ferromagnetism in Metal Oxides -- 3 Magnetic Oxide Semiconductors: on the High-Temperature Ferromagnetism in TiO2- and ZnO-Based Compounds -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors -- 3.1.2 Magnetic Oxide Semiconductors -- 3.1.2.1 Development of Magnetic Oxide Semiconductor -- 3.1.2.2 Combinatorial Exploration of Magnetic Oxide Semiconductors -- 3.1.2.3 Recent Status -- 3.2 Properties of (Ti,Co)O2 -- 3.2.1 Thin Film Growth -- 3.2.2 Transport Properties -- 3.2.3 Magnetic Properties -- 3.2.3.1 Magnetization -- 3.2.3.2 Magnetic Circular Dichroism -- 3.2.3.3 Anomalous Hall Effect -- 3.2.4 Electric Field Effect -- 3.2.4.1 Electric Field Effect on Ferromagnetic Semiconductors -- 3.2.4.2 Electric Field Effect on Ferromagnetism in Co-Doped TiO2 -- 3.2.5 A Principal Role of Electron Carriers on Ferromagnetism -- 3.2.6 Spectroscopic Properties -- 3.2.6.1 Photoemission Spectroscopy -- 3.2.6.2 X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism -- 3.3 Properties of Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO -- 3.3.1 Structural Properties -- 3.3.2 Magnetic and Electronic Properties -- 3.3.2.1 Magnetization -- 3.3.2.2 X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism -- 3.3.2.3 Magnetooptical Effect -- 3.3.2.4 Anomalous Hall Effect -- 3.3.2.5 A Role of Carriers on Ferromagnetism -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.4.1 Remarks on Sample Characterizations -- 3.4.2 Origin of High-Temperature Ferromagnetism.

3.5 Summary and Outlooks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Effect of Ta Alloying on the Optical, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of TiO2 Thin Films -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Properties of TiO2 -- 4.2 Ta Substitution in TiO2: Doping or Alloying? -- 4.2.1 The PLD Phase Diagram -- 4.2.2 Optical and Electronic Properties -- 4.3 Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) -- 4.4 Defect-Mediated Ferromagnetism -- 4.5 Magnetic Impurity Analysis in Ti1-x TaxO2 System -- 4.6 Defect-Induced Ferromagnetism in Ti1-x TaxO2 Film -- 4.6.1 Ferromagnetic Properties -- 4.6.2 Intrinsic versus Extrinsic FM -- 4.6.2.1 SXMCD -- 4.6.3 OMCD -- 4.7 First-Principles Spin-Polarized GGA + U Calculations -- 4.7.1 XPS and XAS: Determination of Intrinsic Defects -- 4.8 Mechanism of Defect-Mediated FM -- 4.9 Optimization of Ferromagnetism -- 4.9.1 Influence of Film Growth Temperature and Pressure -- 4.9.2 Influence of Ta Concentration -- 4.10 Outlook for Defect-Mediated Properties of Ti1-x TaxO2 -- References -- 5 Defect-Induced Optical and Magnetic Properties of Colloidal Transparent Conducting Oxide Nanocrystals -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Colloidal Transition-Metal-Doped Transparent Conducting Oxide Nanocrystals -- 5.2.1 Doping TCO NCs -- 5.2.2 Phase transformation of TCO NCs -- 5.2.3 Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Doped TCO Nanocrystals -- 5.2.3.1 Electrical Properties of TCO Nanocrystals -- 5.2.3.2 Magnetic Properties of Doped TCO NCs -- 5.3 Native Defects in Colloidal Transparent Conducting Oxide Nanocrystals -- 5.3.1 Type of Native Defects in TCO NCs and Photoluminescence Involving Oxygen Vacancy: ZnO Nanocrystals -- 5.3.2 Donor-Acceptor Pair Recombination: Ga2O3 Nanocrystals -- 5.4 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III Ferroelectrics.

6 Structure-Property Correlations in Rare-Earth-Substituted BiFeO3 Epitaxial Thin Films at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Combinatorial Discovery of a MPB in Sm-substituted BiFeO3 (Sm-BFO) -- 6.3 Structural Evolution across the MPB in Sm-BFO -- 6.4 Universal Behavior in RE-Substituted BFO -- 6.5 Structural Fingerprint of MPB in RE-Substituted BFO -- 6.6 Chemical-Substitution-Induced Polarization Rotation in BFO -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Antiferroelectricity in Oxides: a Reexamination -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Definition and Characteristic Properties -- 7.3 Microscopic Origins of Macroscopic Behavior -- 7.4 Antiferroelectric Materials: Structure and Properties -- 7.5 Relation to Alternative Ferroelectric Phases -- 7.6 Antiferroelectricity in Thin Films -- 7.7 Properties for Applications -- 7.8 Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IV Multiferroics -- 8 Probing Nanoscale Electronic Conduction in Complex Oxides -- 8.1 Scanning-Probe-Based Transport Measurements -- 8.2 Domain Wall Conductivity -- 8.3 Photovoltaic Effects at Domain Walls -- 8.4 Local Characterization of Doped Oxides and Defects -- 8.5 Local Electronic Probing of Oxide Interfaces -- 8.6 Nanoscale Electronic Properties of CMR Manganites -- 8.7 Future Directions -- References -- 9 Multiferroics with Magnetoelectric Coupling -- 9.1 Introduction: Ferroic Materials -- 9.2 Principles of Symmetry Analysis -- 9.3 Magnetoelectric Couplings and a Landau-Like Theory -- 9.4 Chemical Considerations -- 9.5 Classification of Multiferroics -- 9.6 Multiferroic Materials and Mechanisms -- 9.6.1 Lone-Pair Chemistry and d Magnetism -- 9.6.2 Phonon-Driven Improper Ferroelectricity -- 9.6.3 Improper Ferroelectricity from Charge Ordering.

9.6.4 Magnetically Driven Improper Ferroelectricity (Type II Multiferroics) -- 9.6.5 Ferroelectricity from Collinear Magnetism (Exchange Striction) -- 9.6.6 Phonon-Mediated Linear ME Coupling -- 9.7 Microscopic Mechanisms of Magnetic Ferroelectricity: Type II Multiferroics -- 9.8 Domains and Metal-Insulator Transition -- Summary -- References -- Part V Interfaces and Magnetism -- 10 Device Aspects of the SrTiO3-LaAlO3 Interface -- Basic Properties, Mobility, Nanostructuring, and Potential Applications -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface: Key Characteristics and Understanding -- 10.3 Charge-Carrier Mobility -- 10.4 Micro/Nanostructuring -- 10.5 Electric Field Gating -- 10.6 Applications -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 X-Ray Spectroscopic Studies of Conducting Interfaces between Two Insulating Oxides -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Photoemission Measurements of Interfaces -- 11.3 Interfaces between a Mott Insulator and a Band Insulator: LaAlO3/LaVO3 and LaTiO3/SrTiO3 -- 11.4 Interfaces between Two Band Insulators: LaAlO3/SrTiO3 -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- 12 Interfacial Coupling between Oxide Superconductors and Ferromagnets -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Experimental Results -- 12.2.1 Spin Injection -- 12.2.2 Proximity Effects -- 12.2.2.1 Critical Temperature -- 12.2.2.2 SNS Junction Critical Current Measurements -- 12.2.2.3 Andreev Reflection -- 12.2.3 Spin Transport -- 12.3 Materials Considerations -- 12.3.1 Growth Texture -- 12.3.2 Lattice-Mismatch Strain -- 12.3.3 Charge Transfer -- 12.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part VI Devices and Applications -- 13 Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells -- 13.1 TiO2: Polymorphism, Optoelectronic Properties, and Bandgap Engineering -- 13.2 Principle and Basis of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) Technology.

13.3 Progress in TiO2 Engineering for Improved Charge-Collection Efficiency and Light Confinement.