Materials under Extreme Conditions : Molecular Crystals at High Pressure.
Title:
Materials under Extreme Conditions : Molecular Crystals at High Pressure.
Author:
Schettino, Vincenzo.
ISBN:
9781848163065
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (373 pages)
Contents:
Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Survey -- 3. Elasticity and Equation of State -- 3.1 Stress and strain -- 3.2 Elasticity and anisotropy in molecular crystals -- 3.2.1 Elastic constants -- 3.2.2 Temperature and pressure dependence of the elastic constants -- 3.2.3 Single crystals and polycrystals -- 3.2.4 Variation of crystal parameters with pressure -- 3.3 Parametric equations of state -- 4. High-pressure Technical Survey -- 4.1 The piston-cylinder device -- 4.1.1 Large volume piston-cylinder apparatus -- 4.2 The opposed anvil devices -- 4.3 Multi-anvil devices -- 4.4 The diamond anvil cell -- 4.4.1 Diamonds -- 4.4.2 Gasket -- 4.4.3 Loading techniques -- 4.4.4 Compression media -- 4.5 High- and low-temperature techniques -- 4.5.1 Low-temperature devices -- 4.5.2 Resistive heating -- 4.5.3 Laser heating -- 4.6 Pressure measurement -- 4.7 Probing techniques based on electromagnetic radiation -- 4.7.1 Optical spectroscopy -- 4.7.1.1 Infrared spectroscopy -- 4.7.1.2 Raman and Brillouin spectroscopy -- 4.7.1.3 Non-linear optical techniques -- 4.7.2 X-ray diffraction -- 4.7.3 Neutron diffraction -- 4.7.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 5. Principles of Chemical Reactivity Under Pressure -- 5.1 Pressure effects on chemical equilibria -- 5.2 Pressure effects on reaction rates -- 5.3 Environmental effects at high pressure -- 5.4 Effects of high pressure on the electronic structure -- 6. Chemical Reactions in Molecular Crystals -- 6.1 Reversible reactions -- 6.1.1 Solid nitrogen at high pressure: the archetypal energetic material -- 6.1.2 Red oxygen -- 6.1.3 Carbon dioxide: a multiform solid -- 6.1.4 Formic acid -- 6.1.5 Sulphur. Polymeric and molecular phases -- 6.1.6 Symmetry breaking and ionization at high pressures -- 6.1.7 Metallization at high pressures -- 6.2 Irreversible reactions.
6.2.1 Unsaturated hydrocarbons -- 6.2.2 Aromatics and heteroaromatics -- 6.2.3 Miscellanea -- 6.2.4 Energetic materials -- 6.2.5 Photochemistry at high pressures -- Bibliography -- Appendix A -- Index.
Abstract:
High-pressure materials research has been revolutionized in the past few years due to technological breakthroughs in the diamond anvil cell (DAC), shock wave compression and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) methods. The application of high pressure, especially together with high temperature, has revealed exciting modifications of physical and chemical properties even in the simplest molecular materials. Besides the fundamental importance of these studies to understand the composition and the dynamics of heart and planets' interior, new materials possessing peculiar characteristics of hardness and composition have been synthesized at very high pressure, while unexpected chemical reactions of simple molecules to polymers and amorphous compounds have been found at milder conditions. The variety of the phenomena observed in these extreme conditions and of the materials involved provides a common ground bridging scientific communities with different cultural and experimental backgrounds. This monograph will provide a timely opportunity to report on recent progress in the field.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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