Contents -- General Editor's Preface -- List of Maps, Plates, Illustrations, Charts, and Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and Glossary of Foreign Terms -- Major Personalities -- Introduction -- 1. Objectives -- 2. Secondary Literature -- 3. Related Aspects -- 4. Exile as Punishment -- 5. A Problem of Sources -- 6. Archival Materials -- 7. Fundamentals -- Chapter One The Global Portuguese Penal System to circa 1830 -- 1.1 Introduction and Conclusion -- 1.2 The Portuguese Use of Exile as Punishment -- 1.3 Jails -- 1.4 The Azores and Madeira -- 1.5 Public Works -- Chapter Two Setting the Stage for Africa -- 2.1 Introduction and Conclusion -- 2.2 Brazil in Late Colonial Times -- 2.3 Penal Reform in Portugal -- 2.4 The Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa (SGL) -- 2.5 Islands in a Portuguese Sea -- Chapter Three Colonial Realities in an Empire without Brazil -- 3.1 Introduction and Conclusion -- 3.2 Nineteenth Century Angola -- 3.3 Earlier Efforts: Penal Colonies -- 3.4 A Few Words About the Parallel Prison in Mozambique -- 3.5 The Depósito Geral de Degredados in Luanda -- 3.6 Organization and Administration -- 3.7 Discipline and Punishment -- 3.8 A Question of Numbers: Angola and Mozambique -- Chapter Four Crimes, Punishments, Ages, and Origins of Convicts -- 4.1 Introduction and Conclusion -- 4.2 Ages and Origins of Prisoners -- 4.3 Crimes and Punishments -- 4.4 Petty Recidivists (Addidos) -- 4.5 Political Prisoners (Deportados) -- 4.6 Vagrants (Vadios) -- 4.7 Military Deportees -- 4.8 Health -- 4.9 Diet -- 4.10 Uniforms -- Chapter Five Work and Freedom -- 5.1 Introduction and Conclusion -- 5.2 Rehabilitation through Work -- 5.3 What Did They Do in the Colony? -- 5.4 Salaries and Deductions -- 5.5 Exiting the Depósito -- 5.6 The End of the Luanda Prison -- Chapter Six Comparisons and Conclusions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The British.

6.3 The French -- 6.4 The Spanish -- 6.5 Secondary Punishment -- 6.6 Major Differences -- 6.7 Were the Depósitos Successes or Failures? -- 6.8 The End of Degredo as Punishment -- 6.9 A Question of Overall Numbers -- 6.10 Lingering Questions and Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- Appendix One -- Appendix Two -- Appendix Three -- Appendix Four -- Appendix Five -- Appendix Six -- Appendix Seven -- Bibliography -- Index.