Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Part 1 Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes -- 1 Synthesis, Characterization and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: A Glimpse of Their Application -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes -- 1.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene -- 1.3.1 Micromechanical Cleavage of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite -- 1.3.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Graphene either as Stand Alone or on Substrate -- 1.3.3 Chemical and Thermal Exfoliation of Graphite Oxide -- 1.3.4 Arc-Discharge Method -- 1.4 Methods Used in Our Lab: CVD, Thermal Exfoliation, Arc Discharge and Chemical Reduction -- 1.4.1 Raman Spectra -- 1.4.2 Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 1.5 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene -- 1.5.1 Covalent Functionalization -- 1.5.2 Non-Covalent Functionalization -- 1.5.3 FTIR Analysis of CNTs and FCNTs -- 1.6 Applications -- 1.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Surface Modification of Graphene -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Surface-Modified Graphene from GO -- 2.2.1 Covalent Surface Modification -- 2.2.2 Non-covalent Surface Modification -- 2.3 Application of Surface-Modified Graphene -- 2.3.1 Polymer Composites -- 2.3.2 Sensors -- 2.3.3 Drug Delivery System -- 2.3.4 Lubricants -- 2.3.5 Nanofluids -- 2.3.6 Supercapacitor -- 2.4 Conclusions and Future Directions of Research -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 3 Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-based Electrochemical Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) -- 3.1.2 Graphene (GR) -- 3.1.3 Electrochemical Sensors -- 3.1.4 Sensors and Biosensors Based on CNT and GR -- 3.2 Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors -- 3.2.1 Heavy Metals -- 3.2.2 Phenols -- 3.2.3 Pesticides.

3.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 4 Catalytic Application of Carbon-based Nanostructured Materials on Hydrogen Sorption Behavior of Light Metal Hydrides -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Different Carbon Allotropes -- 4.3 Carbon Nanomaterials as Catalyst for Different Storage Materials -- 4.4 Key Results with MgH2, NaAlH4 and Li-Mg-N-H Systems -- 4.4.1 Magnesium Hydride -- 4.4.2 Sodium Alanate -- 4.4.3 Amides/Imides -- 4.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Carbon Nanotubes Structure -- 5.3 Carbon Nanotube Physical Properties -- 5.4 Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Processing -- 5.5 Carbon Nanotube Surface Modification -- 5.6 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes -- 5.6.1 Composite Materials -- 5.6.2 Nano Coatings - Antimicrobials and Microelectronics -- 5.6.3 Biosensors -- 5.6.4 Energy Storages -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Bioimpact of Carbon Nanomaterials -- 6.1 Biologically Active Fullerene Derivatives -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 Functionalization/Derivatization of Fullerene C60 -- 6.1.3 Biological Activity of Non-Derivatized Fullerene C60 -- 6.1.4 Biological Activity of Derivatized Fullerene C60 -- 6.1.5 Chemical Synthesis of Fullerenol C60(OH)n -- 6.1.6 Fullerenol and Biosystems -- 6.2 Biologically Active Graphene Materials -- 6.2.1 Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Important Biologically Active Graphene Materials -- 6.2.2 Biologically Active Graphene Materials -- 6.3 Bioimpact of Carbon Nanotubes -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 Properties of CNTs -- 6.3.3 Classification of CNTs -- 6.3.4 Synthesis of CNTs -- 6.3.5 Functionalization of CNTs -- 6.3.6 Drug (Molecule/Gene/Antibody) Delivery, Targeting, Drug Release -- 6.3.7 Toxicity -- 6.3.8 The Fate of CNTs -- 6.4 Genotoxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials.

6.4.1 Genotoxicity of Graphene in In Vitro and In Vivo Models -- 6.4.2 Genotoxicity of SWNT and MWNT -- 6.4.3 Genotoxicity of Polyhydroxylated Fullerene Derivatives -- 6.4.4 Conclusion -- 6.5 Ecotoxicological Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials -- References -- Part 2 Composite Materials -- 7 Advanced Optical Materials Modified with Carbon Nano-Objects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Photorefractive Features of the Organic Materials with Carbon Nanoparticles -- 7.3 Homeotropic Alignment of the Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Carbon Nanotubes -- 7.4 Thin Film Polarization Elements and Their Nanostructurization via CNTs -- 7.5 Spectral and Mechanical Properties of the Inorganic Materials via CNTs Application -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Covalent and Non-Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes -- 8.3 Covalent Functionalization -- 8.4 Non-Covalent Functionalization -- 8.5 Functionalization of CNT with Nanoparticles -- 8.5.1 Applications of the CNT-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.5.2 Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts -- 8.5.3 Nanocomposites as Adsorbents -- 8.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 9 Metal Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 9.3 Processing and Microstructural Characterization of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites -- 9.3.1 Powder Metallurgy -- 9.3.2 Electroless and Electrodeposition Techniques -- 9.3.3 Spray Forming -- 9.3.4 Liquid Metallurgy -- 9.3.5 Other Techniques -- 9.4 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites -- 9.4.1 CNT/Al Nanocomposites -- 9.4.2 CNT/Cu Nanocomposites -- 9.4.3 CNT/Mg Nanocomposites -- 9.4.4 CNT/Ti Nanocomposites -- 9.5 Strengthening Mechanisms -- 9.6 Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites.

9.7 Tribological Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites -- 9.8 Challenges -- 9.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part 3 Fly Ash Engineering and Cryogels -- 10 Aluminum/Fly Ash Syntactic Foams: Synthesis, Microstructure and Properties -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Hollow Particles -- 10.2.1 Fly Ash Cenospheres -- 10.2.2 Engineered Hollow Particles -- 10.3 Synthesis Methods -- 10.3.1 Stir Mixing -- 10.3.2 Infiltration Methods -- 10.3.3 Comparison of Synthesis Methods -- 10.4 Microstructure of Aluminum/Fly Ash Composites -- 10.5 Properties of Aluminum/Fly Ash Syntactic Foams -- 10.6 Applications -- 10.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Engineering Behavior of Ash Fills -- 11.1 Background -- 11.1.1 Physico-Chemical Characterization -- 11.1.2 Engineering Characteristics -- 11.2 Engineering Evaluation of Cemented Ash Fill -- 11.2.1 Measurement of Cemented Ash Characteristics: Application of RQD -- 11.2.2 Concept of Strength Ratio and Modulus Ratio -- 11.2.3 Evaluation of Joint Parameters -- 11.2.4 Relationship of RQD and Joint Parameters -- 11.2.5 Steps to Obtain Deformations from the Present Technique -- 11.3 Problems of Uncemented Ash Fill -- 11.3.1 Collapse, Piping and Erosion, Liquefaction -- 11.3.2 Collapse Behavior of Ash Fills -- 11.4 Ash as a Structural Fill -- 11.4.1 Penetration Test -- 11.4.2 Load Test -- 11.4.3 Test Setup for Ash Fills and Testing Technique -- 11.4.4 Bearing Capacity of Ash Fill -- 11.4.5 Settlement of Ash Fills by PLT -- 11.4.6 Settlement on Ash Fills by PLT, CPT and SPT -- 11.4.7 Settlement of Footings on Ash Deposit -- 11.5 Conclusions -- Salutations, Acknowledgement and Disclaimer -- References -- 12 Carbon-Doped Cryogel Thin Films Derived from Resorcinol Formaldehyde -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Experimental Procedure -- 12.3 Results and Discussion -- 12.3.1 FTIR Analysis.

12.3.2 Raman Analysis -- 12.3.3 Surface Morphology of Carbon-Doped RF Cryogel Thin Films -- 12.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.