Contents -- Foreword -- About the Author -- PART I. Introduction -- PART II. A Legacy of Abuse and Suffering Leads to the Birth of the ICC -- PART III. Tracing the Development of Victims' Rights Under International Law -- A. Victim-Centric Justice of the 1400s-Customary Law As Exemplified By the Code of Leke Dukagjini -- B. Centralized State Power in the 1700s and 1800s, the Scientification of Criminal Law, and the Decline of Victims' Rights Under Domestic Law -- 1. The Classical School of Criminology -- 2. The Positivist School of Criminology and Beyond -- C. Twentieth-Century Resurgence of Victims' Rights Under Domestic Law -- D. Victims' Rights Recognized as Part of International Law -- 1. International Law's Recognition of Individual Rights -- 2. Victims' Rights Under International Law -- PART IV. Primer on the ICC -- A. Breaking New Ground for Victims' Rights -- B. The ICC's Operation -- C. The ICC's Limited Subject-Matter Jurisdiction -- 1. The Crime of Genocide -- 2. Crimes Against Humanity -- 3. War Crimes -- 4. The Crime of Aggression -- D. Territorial and Personal Jurisdiction Requirements -- E. The ICC's Limited Temporal Jurisdiction -- F. The ICC's Due Process Guarantees -- G. The "Complementarity" Firewall: Understanding the ICC's Key Admissibility Test -- H. Case Initiation -- 1. State Party Initiation or Security Council Referral -- 2. The Prosecutor's Initiation of a Case -- 3. Prosecutorial Guidelines: Determining the "Gravity" of a Case -- I. A New Paradigm: The ICC's Hybrid System of Advocacy -- J. Reconciling the ICC's Sweeping Promises to Victims with the Realities on the Ground -- 1. Understanding ICC Judge's Background, Habits, and Competence -- 2. The Office of the Prosecutor -- PART V. The Rome Statute's Groundbreaking (and Expansive) Recognition of Victims' Rights -- A. Victims' Rights Enshrined in the ICC's Rome Statute.

B. Summary of the ICC's Victim-Related Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- C. Exploring the Role of Victims as "Participants" in ICC Proceedings -- D. The Modality and Extent of Victim Participation Remain Unsettled -- PART VI. Qualifying as Legal Counsel for Victims -- A. Becoming a Formally Recognized ICC "Victim Representative" -- B. An Alternative Mode of Legal Representation: "Assistant to Counsel" -- PART VII. Steps to Formal Recognition as a "Victim" -- A. The Long Road to Formal Recognition as a "Victim" -- B. Victims as Witnesses -- PART VIII. Preparing for Complex Group Representation -- A. Promises and Potential Pitfalls of Group Representation-The Class Action Model -- B. The Victim Representative's Duty of Loyalty to Clients -- PART IX. Understanding Victims' Interests and Recognizing the Importance of Managing and Guiding Expectations -- A. Promises Collide With Reality -- B. Managing Expectations -- C. Ensuring Victims' Safety -- PART X. Holding a Pre-Trial Evidentiary Hearing to Establish the Historic Record -- A. Litigation Aimed at Creating Present and Future Individual (and Group) Accountability -- B. Convening a Pre-Trial Evidentiary Hearing to Develop the Common Factual Backdrop of the Case -- PART XI. Compiling a "Victimization Dossier" as a Permanent Historic Record of Abuse -- A. The Carefully Tailored Dossier as a Useful Tool for Victim Representatives -- B. Devising Standard Procedures for Compiling Evidence -- C. Developing Interview Protocols -- D. Submitting the Dossier to the Court -- 1. The Most Promising Submission Options -- 2. Other Submission Alternatives -- E. Submitting the Dossier to the Office of the Prosecutor -- PART XII. Pre-Trial Proceedings -- A. Functions of the Pre-Trial Chamber -- B. The Office of Public Counsel for the Defense -- C. Victim Participation in Pre-Trial Investigative Activities.

D. Pre-Trial Preparation With a Clear Focus on the Main Trial -- 1. Developing the Theory of the Case -- 2. Framing the Elements of the Crime(s) -- 3. Identifying and Developing the Critical Facts -- 4. Constructing an "Order of Proof '" -- 5. Outlining Direct and "Adverse" Examination -- 6. Preparing the Exhibit List -- 7. Honest Evaluation Required: Critical Examination of the Victims' Case -- 8. Preparing a Preliminary Trial Checklist -- 9. Creating a Trial Notebook -- 10. Complying with Pre-Trial Discovery and Disclosure Obligations -- E. Some Observations on Pre-Trial Meetings With (Potential) Witnesses -- F. Self-Representation and the Corresponding Threat to the Historic Record -- G. The Benefits of Guilty Pleas -- PART XIII. The Main Trial -- A. Opening Statement -- B. Direct Examination of Witnesses -- 1. Purpose of Direct Examination: Telling the Story of the Case from the Victims' Perspective -- 2. Structuring the Direct Examination -- 3. Conducting the Direct Examination -- 4. Leading Questions -- C. Introducing Exhibits -- 1. The ICC's General Rules of Admissibility -- 2. Developing the Necessary Foundation to Admit Evidence -- D. Cross-Examination -- 1. Cross-Examining on Prior Inconsistent Statements -- 2. Cross-Examining Expert Witnesses -- E. Re-Direct Examination -- PART XIV. Summation and Sentencing -- A. Summation: Capturing the Whole Story -- B. Sentencing: Imposition of Justice -- 1. Available Categories of Punishment: Imprisonment, Fines, Forfeiture, and Reparations -- 2. Reparations -- 3. Bifurcating the Guilt Phase from the Reparations Phase -- 4. Preparing the Victims' Sentencing Memorandum -- PART XV. Conclusion -- Appendix I. Selected Articles from Rome Statute -- Appendix II. Selected Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- Appendix III. Regulations of the Registry -- Appendix IV. Selected Regulations of the Court.

Appendix V. Code of Professional Conduct for Counsel -- Appendix VI. Counsel Participation Form -- Appendix VII. Victim Participation Form -- Appendix VIII. Reparations Form -- Table of Authorities -- ICC Legal Provisions -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.