Polymers and Electromagnetic Radiation: Fundamentals and Practical Applications -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part I: Non-Ionizing Radiation -- 1 Sub-Terahertz Radiation Including Radiofrequency (RF) and Microwave Radiation -- 1.1 Absorption -- 1.1.1 General Aspects -- 1.1.2 Dissipation of Energy -- 1.1.2.1 Frequency Dependence -- 1.1.2.2 Temperature Dependence -- 1.2 Applications in Polymer Chemistry -- 1.2.1 General Aspects -- 1.2.2 Thermal Effects -- 1.2.2.1 Polymer Synthesis -- 1.2.2.2 Polymer Processing -- 1.2.2.3 Modification of Polymers -- 1.2.2.4 Polymer Degradation -- 1.2.2.5 Polymer Supports for Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis (SPOS) -- 1.2.3 Non-Thermal Effects -- 1.2.3.1 Unresolved Questions -- 1.2.3.2 Plasma-Assisted Chemistry -- 1.3 Applications in Polymer Physics -- 1.3.1 Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymers -- 1.3.2 Microwave Probing of Electrical Conductivity in Polymers -- 1.3.3 Nondestructive Microwave Testing of Polymer Materials -- 1.4 Industrial Applications -- References -- 2 Infrared Radiation -- 2.1 Absorption -- 2.1.1 General Aspects -- 2.1.2 Crystalline Polymers -- 2.1.3 Polarized IR Radiation -- 2.1.4 Far-IR Radiation -- 2.2 Applications -- 2.2.1 General Aspects -- 2.2.2 Mid-IR Analysis -- 2.2.2.1 Identification of Synthetic Polymers -- 2.2.2.2 Proteins -- 2.2.2.3 Nucleic Acids -- 2.2.3 NIR Analysis of Synthetic Organic Polymers -- 2.2.4 Far-IR Analysis of Polymers: Terahertz Spectroscopy -- 2.2.4.1 General Aspects -- 2.2.4.2 Nondestructive Testing of Plastic Articles: THz Imaging -- 2.2.4.3 THz Absorption by Biopolymers -- 2.2.4.4 THz Studies of Biopolymers in Liquid Water -- 2.2.4.5 Generation of THz Radiation in Poled Polymers -- 2.2.5 Special Applications -- 2.2.5.1 Thin Polymer Films -- 2.2.5.2 Orientation Measurements -- 2.2.5.3 IR Microspectroscopy and IR Imaging.

2.3 Polymer Characterization by Two-Dimensional IR Spectroscopy -- 2.4 Time-Resolved Measurements in the mid-IR Range -- 2.4.1 In-Situ Monitoring of Chemical Reactions -- 2.4.2 Transient Two-Dimensional IR Spectroscopy -- 2.4.2.1 T-Jump Studies -- 2.4.2.2 Flash Photolysis -- 2.5 Time-Resolved THz Spectroscopy -- 2.5.1 Photoconductivity of Conjugated Polymers -- 2.5.2 Folding of Proteins -- 2.6 THz Optics Made From Polymers -- References -- 3 Visible and Ultraviolet Light -- 3.1 Absorption -- 3.1.1 General Aspects -- 3.1.2 The Molecular Orbital Model -- 3.1.3 The Jablonski Diagram -- 3.1.4 Absorption in Synthetic Nonconjugated Polymers -- 3.1.5 Absorption in Synthetic Conjugated Polymers -- 3.1.6 Absorption in Biopolymers -- 3.1.7 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy -- 3.2 Applications -- 3.2.1 General Aspects -- 3.2.2 Applications in Polymer Chemistry -- 3.2.2.1 Polymer Synthesis -- 3.2.2.2 Modification of Synthetic Polymers -- 3.2.2.3 Modification of Biopolymers -- 3.2.3 Applications in Polymer Physics -- 3.2.3.1 Spectroscopy -- 3.2.3.2 Light Scattering -- 3.2.3.3 Raman Scattering -- 3.3 Technical Developments -- 3.3.1 Introductory Remarks -- 3.3.2 Photocuring -- 3.3.3 Photolithography -- 3.3.3.1 General Aspects -- 3.3.3.2 248 nm Lithography -- 3.3.3.3 193 nm Lithography -- 3.3.3.4 157 nm Lithography -- 3.3.4 Photovoltaics -- 3.3.5 Polymeric Light Sources -- 3.3.6 Holography -- 3.3.7 Xerography -- 3.3.8 Optical Waveguides -- References -- Part II: Ionizing Radiation -- 4 Elementary Processes of the Interaction of High-Energy Photons with Matter -- 4.1 General Aspects -- 4.2 Attenuation Coefficients -- 4.3 Photoelectric Effect -- 4.4 Compton Scattering -- 4.5 Electron---Positron Pair Production -- 4.6 Photonuclear Absorption -- 4.7 Absorption of Swift Electrons -- References -- 5 Chemical Reactions Induced by High-Energy Radiation -- 5.1 General Aspects.

5.1.1 Radiation Sources and Electron Accelerators -- 5.2 Polymer Synthesis -- 5.2.1 Free-Radical Polymerization -- 5.2.2 Ionic Polymerization -- 5.2.3 Graft Copolymerization -- 5.2.4 Polymerization in the Solid State -- 5.3 Radiolysis of Bulk Synthetic Polymers -- 5.3.1 General Aspects -- 5.3.2 Product Formation in the Absence of Molecular Oxygen -- 5.3.3 Product Formation in the Presence of Molecular Oxygen -- 5.3.4 Radiation Stability and Protection -- 5.4 Radiolysis of Bulk Biopolymers -- 5.4.1 General Aspects -- 5.4.2 Nucleic Acids -- 5.4.3 Polysaccharides -- 5.4.4 Proteins -- 5.5 Radiolysis of Polymers in Solution -- 5.6 Technical Developments -- 5.6.1 General Aspects -- 5.6.2 Lithography -- 5.6.2.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2.2 Technical Performance -- 5.6.2.3 Resists -- 5.6.3 Crosslinking -- 5.6.4 Curing -- 5.6.5 Grafting -- 5.6.6 Hydrogels -- References -- 6 Applications of High-Energy Radiation in Polymer Physics -- 6.1 General Aspects -- 6.2 X-Ray Spectroscopy -- 6.2.1 General Aspects -- 6.2.2 Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy -- 6.2.3 Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Spectroscopy -- 6.2.4 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) -- 6.3 X-Ray Imaging and Microscopy -- 6.4 X-Ray Scattering -- 6.4.1 General Aspects -- 6.4.2 Crystalline Polymers -- 6.4.3 Polymer Solutions -- References -- Index.