Cognitive Linguistics Research -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introductory chapter -- Figuration and Language history: Universality and variation -- 1 Figuration and lexico-semantic change -- 2 Figuration and lexico-grammatical change -- 3 Figuration and conceptual change -- 4 Contributions to this volume -- References -- Diachronic metaphor research -- Four guidelines for diachronic metaphor research -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The 'dominant reading only' fallacy -- 3 The 'semasiology only' fallacy -- 4 The 'natural experience only' fallacy -- 5 The 'metaphorization only' fallacy -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Conceptual variation and change -- Lost in transmission? The sense development of borrowed metaphor -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Borrowed metaphor -- 3 inculcate -- 4 ardent -- 5 The semantics of loanwords -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Dictionaries and Thesauri -- Loss of prototypical meaning and lexical borrowing: A case of semantic redeployment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 DEAL (noun and verb) -- 2.1 Old English -- 2.2 Middle and (Early) Modern English -- 3 STARVE -- 3.1 Old English -- 3.2 Middle and (Early) Modern English: lexical loss and semantic change -- 4 Concluding remarks -- References -- Primary sources -- Secondary sources -- A complex adaptive systems approach tolanguage, cultural schemas and serial metonymy: Charting the cognitive innovations of 'fingers' and 'claws' in Basque -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Language viewed as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) -- 3 Defining context: The role of encyclopedic knowledge and cultural schemas -- 3.1 Interaction between macro-level cultural schemas and micro-level lexical schemas -- 4 Visualizing lexical semantic innovation and change -- 5 An instrument of analysis: Serial metonymy -- 6 Tracks to fingers: The case of hatz -- 7 Fingers to claws: The case of hatzamar.

8 Concluding remarks: Words as 'memory banks' -- References -- The interface between synchronic and diachronic conceptual metaphor: The role of embodiment, culture and semantic field -- 1 Universal trends: Potential creation versus wide distribution -- 2 Defining conceptual systems -- 3 Abstraction levels and the embodiment/culture ratio -- 4 Embodiment and synchronic/diachronic universal trends -- 5 Embodiment and diachronic variability -- 6 Culturally-related systems -- 7 Culture and long-term diachronic mappings in one conceptual system -- 8 Culture and short-term synchronic uniformity -- 9 Conceptual system and semantic field -- 10 Conclusions on similarity and variability in synchronic and diachronic metaphor -- References -- Figuration and grammaticalization -- The pivotal role of metaphor in the evolution of human language -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The cognitive underpinnings of metaphor -- 3 The evolution of symbols -- 3.1 Iconicity -- 3.2 Symbolism -- 4 The evolution of grammar -- 4.1 Schematic forms -- 4.2 Functional meaning -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Two counter-expectation markers in Chinese -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Metaphor and metonymy in language change -- 3 Data -- 4. Diachronic development of sha4 'evil spirit' -- 4.1 Diachronic development of sha1 'to kill' -- 4.2 Emergence and diachronic development of sha4 'evil spirit' -- 4.2.1 7tn-9th century (Tang Dynasty) -- 4.2.2 10th-14th century (Sung and Yuan Dynasties) -- 4.2.3 14th-19th century (Ming and Qing Dynasties) -- 4.2.4 Contemporary Chinese -- 4.2.5 Soah in Taiwanese Southern Min -- 4.2.6 Summary -- 5 Diachronic development of jieguo -- 5.1 6th-13th century (Sui, Tang and Sung Dynasties) -- 5.2 13th-19th century (Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties) -- 5.3 Contemporary Chinese -- 5.4 Summary -- 6 Conclusion -- Sources -- Primary sources -- Secondary sources.

The emergence of diathesis markers from MOTION concepts -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose of the paper -- 1.2 Some basic observations -- 2 Motion -- 3 From MOTION via CHANGE-OF-STATE to BECOME -- 3.1 ltive/Ventive -- 3.2 'TURN' -- 4. From CHANGE-OF-STATE/BECOME to diathesis -- 4.1 Some general observations -- 4.2 GO > PASSIVE -- 4.2 COME > PASSIVE -- 4.3 COME-TO > REACH > PASSIVE -- 5 Udi and Caucasian Albanian -- 5.1 Types of diathesis in East Caucasian -- 5.1.1 Antipassives and labile verbs -- 5.1.2 Anticausatives -- 5.1.3 Bi-absolutives -- 5.2 From MOTION to diathesis in Caucasian Albanian and Udi -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Figurative language in culture variation -- 'Better shamed before one than shamed before all': Shaping shame in Old English and Old Norse texts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology and data -- 3 The lexical field of SHAME in Old English and in Old Norse: A comparison -- 4 The literal and metaphoric expression of shame -- 5 Metonymy (1): Cause for effect -- 5.1 SHAME IS DISHONOUR -- 5.2 SHAME IS SCORN -- 5.3 SHAME IS AMPUTATION/PHYSICAL DAMAGE -- 5.4 SHAME IS NAKEDNESS -- 6 Metonymy (2): Effect for cause -- 6.1 SHAME IS REDNESS IN THE FACE/RISE IN BODILY TEMPERATURE -- 6.2 SHAME IS MOVING BACKWARDS -- 6.3 SHAME IS MOVING DOWNWARDS -- 6.4 SHAME IS MENTAL DISTRESS -- 7 SHAME IS ROTTENNESS: Shame as a synaesthetic experience -- 8 SHAME IS SOMETHING THAT COVERS A PERSON -- 8.1 SHAME IS A PIECE OF CLOTH -- 8.2 SHAME IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE -- 9 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Corpora and dictionaries -- Secondary references -- The conceptual profile of the lexeme home: A multifactorial diachronic analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Analysis -- 2.1 Lexeme and concept -- 2.2 Choice of data -- 2.3 Usage-Feature Analysis -- 2.3.1 Conceptual structures of similarity and contiguity -- 2.3.2 Semantic usage-features.

3 Results and Interpretation -- 3.1 Clustering of concepts relative to semantic features -- 3.2 Correspondences between concepts and semantic features -- 3.3 Semantic map of the diachronic conceptual variation -- 4 Summary -- References -- Cognitive patterns in Greek poetic metaphors of emotion: A diachronic approach -- 1 Emotion, metaphor, conceptual integration, and diachrony -- 2 Evolution, instantiation, and conceptual templates across emotion imagery -- 3 Comparing the instantiations of a template: love-emission blends in Greek poetry -- 3.1 The rays from Theoxenus' eyes -- 3.2 The beloved who competes with the sun -- 3.3 The scent of freshly-washed sky -- 4 An invitation to diachrony, cross-cultural comparison, and poetic metaphors -- References -- 'Thou com'st in such a questionable shape': Embodying the cultural model for GHOST across the history of English -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Corpus compilation and methodology -- 3 The GHOST group in Old English -- 3.1 The OE GHOST group weighed -- 4 The GHOST group in Contemporary British English -- 4.1 Weighing the GHOST group in Contemporary British English -- 5 Metaphors and their words: a case of diachronic-within-culture variation -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Primary sources -- Secondary sources -- Index.