Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Perspectives and State of the Art in Producing Solar Fuels and Chemicals from CO2 -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 GHG Impact Values of Pathways of CO2 Chemical Recycling -- 1.1.2 CO2 Recycling and Energy Vectors -- 1.2 Solar Fuels and Chemicals From CO2 -- 1.2.1 Routes for Converting CO2 to Fuels -- 1.2.2 H2 Production Using Renewable Energy -- 1.2.3 Converting CO2 to Base Chemicals -- 1.2.4 Routes to Solar Fuels -- 1.3 Toward Artificial Leaves -- 1.3.1 PEC Cells for CO2 Conversion -- 1.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Transformation of Carbon Dioxide to Useable Products Through Free Radical-Induced Reactions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Background -- 2.2 Chemical Reduction of CO2 -- 2.2.1 Photochemical Reduction of CO2 -- 2.2.2 Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 -- 2.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Synthesis of Useful Compounds from CO2 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Photochemical Reduction -- 3.3 Electrochemical Reduction -- 3.4 Electrocatalytic Reduction -- 3.4.1 Transition Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts -- 3.4.2 Coordination Complexes -- 3.4.3 Enzymes -- 3.5 CO2 Hydrogenation -- 3.5.1 Active Phases -- 3.5.2 Products of CO2 Hydrogenation -- 3.5.3 Deactivation and Regeneration -- 3.5.4 Mechanisms of CO2 Hydrogenation -- 3.6 CO2 Reforming -- 3.7 Prospects in CO2 Reduction -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Liquid Fuels -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methanation of Carbon Dioxide -- 4.3 Methanol and Higher Alcohol Synthesis by CO2 Hydrogenation -- 4.4 Hydrocarbons Through Modified Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 5 Direct Synthesis of Organic Carbonates from CO2 and Alcohols Using Heterogeneous Oxide Catalysts -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Ceria-Based Catalysts -- 5.2.1 Choice of Ceria Catalysts in Direct DMC Synthesis -- 5.2.2 Performances of the Ceria Catalyst in DMC Synthesis -- 5.2.3 Direct Synthesis of Various Organic Carbonates from Alcohols and CO2 Without Additives -- 5.2.4 Reaction Mechanism -- 5.2.5 Ceria-Zirconia Catalysts -- 5.2.6 Modification of Ceria-Based Catalysts -- 5.2.7 Use of Acetonitrile as a Dehydrating Agent for DMC Synthesis -- 5.2.8 Use of Acetonitrile as Dehydrating Agent for Synthesis of Various Carbonates -- 5.2.9 Use of Benzonitrile as Dehydrating Agent -- 5.2.10 Deactivation of the Ceria Catalyst in the Presence of Benzonitrile -- 5.2.11 Use of Other Dehydrating Agents -- 5.3 Zirconia-Based Catalysts -- 5.3.1 Structure and Catalytic Performance of Zirconia -- 5.3.2 Modification of Zirconia Catalysts -- 5.3.3 Reaction Mechanism over Zirconia-Based Catalysts -- 5.3.4 Combination of Dehydrating Agents with Zirconia-Based Catalysts -- 5.4 Other Metal Oxide Catalysts -- 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 6 High-Solar-Efficiency Utilization of CO2: the STEP (Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production) of Energetic Molecules -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of Energetic Molecules: an Overview -- 6.2.1 STEP Theoretical Background -- 6.2.2 STEP Solar-to-Chemical Energy Conversion Efficiency -- 6.2.3 Identification of STEP Consistent Endothermic Processes -- 6.3 Demonstrated STEP Processes -- 6.3.1 STEP Hydrogen -- 6.3.2 STEP Carbon Capture -- 6.3.3 STEP Iron -- 6.3.4 STEP Chlorine and Magnesium Production (Chloride Electrolysis) -- 6.4 STEP Constraints -- 6.4.1 STEP Limiting Equations.

6.4.2 Predicted STEP Efficiencies for Solar Splitting of CO2 -- 6.4.3 Scalability of STEP Processes -- 6.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 in Methanol Medium -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 in Methanol Medium -- 7.2.1 Effect of Electrolyte Containing Salt -- 7.2.2 Effect of Electrode Materials -- 7.2.3 Effect of Potential -- 7.3 Mechanisms of CO2 Reduction in Nonaqueous Protic (CH3OH) Medium -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Synthetic Fuel Production from the Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 General Aspects of CO2 Reforming -- 8.3 Catalyst Selection for CO2 Reforming Reaction -- 8.3.1 Active Components -- 8.3.2 Support and Promoter -- 8.4 Reactor Technology for Dry Reforming -- 8.5 Conversion of Synthesis Gas to Synthetic Fuels -- 8.5.1 Gas-to-Liquid -- 8.5.2 Methanol and DME -- 8.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Fuel Production from Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with Water Using TiO2-Based Nanocomposites -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 CO2 Photoreduction: Principles and Challenges -- 9.3 TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for CO2 Photoreduction: Material Innovations -- 9.3.1 TiO2 Nanoparticles and High-Surface-Area Support -- 9.3.2 Metal-Modified TiO2 Photocatalysts -- 9.3.3 Metal-Modified TiO2 Supported on Mesoporous SiO2 -- 9.3.4 Nonmetal-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts -- 9.4 Photocatalysis Experiments -- 9.5 CO2 Photoreduction Activity -- 9.5.1 Cu/TiO2-SiO2 and Ce-TiO2/SBA-15 Catalysts -- 9.5.2 Copper- and/or Iodine-Modified TiO2 Catalysts -- 9.5.3 TiO2 Polymorphs Engineered with Surface Defects -- 9.6 Reaction Mechanism and Factors Influencing Catalytic Activity -- 9.6.1 Effects of Cu and Iodine Modification on TiO2.

9.6.2 Effect of O2 on CO2 Photoreduction -- 9.6.3 In Situ DRIFTS Analysis on Surface Chemistry -- 9.7 Conclusions and Future Research Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 10 Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons Using Carbon-Based AgBr Nanocomposites Under Visible Light -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction for CO2 -- 10.3 Carbon Dioxide Reduction -- 10.4 AgBr Nanocomposites -- 10.4.1 Preparation of Catalyst -- 10.4.2 Characterization of Carbon-Based AgBr Photocatalysts -- 10.4.3 Photocatalytic Reduction Activity of Carbon-Based AgBr Nanocomposites -- 10.4.4 Stability of Carbon-Based AgBr Nanocomposites and Electron Transfer Mechanism -- 10.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Use of Carbon Dioxide in Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Capture and Sequestration -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery -- 11.2.1 Oil Production Stages -- 11.2.2 Physicochemical Mechanism of CO2 EOR -- 11.2.3 Phase Equilibrium of CO2 and Oil Binary Mixture -- 11.2.4 Minimum Miscibility Pressure -- 11.2.5 Implementation of EOR -- 11.3 Carbon Capture and Sequestration -- 11.3.1 Background and Basis of CCS -- 11.3.2 CCS with Micronized CO2 -- 11.3.3 Experimental CO2 Micronization -- 11.3.4 Experimental Results -- 11.3.5 Droplet Diameter Distribution in the CO2 Emulsion -- 11.4 Future Tasks -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- Index.