Cover -- Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Foreword -- Part I: Syntax, Semantics, and Morphology -- 1: Morphology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Affixes in Chinese -- 2.1 Inflectional affixes -- 2.2 Derivational affixes -- 2.3 On bound roots and derivational affixes -- 3 Compounds in Chinese -- 3.1 Types of compounds -- 3.2 Heads of compounds -- 4 More on V-O compounds: Syntax or morphology? -- 4.1 V-O compounds and lexicalization: Huang (1984) -- 4.2 Challenges from the morphological point of view -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Classifiers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cognitive-descriptive perspective -- 2.1 Function of classifiers -- 2.2 Measure words and classifiers -- 2.3 Lexical taxonomy and categorization -- 2.4 On the meaning of classifiers -- 3 Morphology -- 4 Acquisition -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Adverbial Adjuncts in Mandarin Chinese -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Adverbial adjuncts in Mandarin -- 1.2 Questions and theories -- 2 Pre-verbal adverbials -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Manner and degree adverbials -- 2.3 PP/DP adverbials -- 2.4 Subject-oriented adverbials -- 2.5 Functional adverbials -- 2.6 Speaker-oriented adverbs -- 2.7 Alternative orders -- 3 Post-verbal adverbials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 DES -- 3.3 Post-verbal duration and frequency expressions -- 4 Two theories -- 5 Concluding remarks -- References -- 4: Light Verbs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The light verb syntax of Mandarin Chinese -- 2.1 Unselectiveness of subject and object in Mandarin Chinese sentences -- 2.2 Parameterization of light verb syntax -- 3 Some extensions -- 3.1 The affectedness constructions -- 3.2 Locative subjects -- 4 Alternative theories of light verbs in Chinese -- 4.1 Light verbs and aspectual agreement -- 4.2 The "no light verb" proposal.

4.3 A Distributed Morphology perspective -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Topic and Focus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Topic -- 2.1 Grammatical topic vs. dangling topic -- 2.2 Movement and base-generation -- 2.3 Hanging topics and left dislocated topics? -- 3 Focus and focus constructions -- 3.1 Shi . . . (de) -- 3.2 Lian . . . dou/ye -- 4 Topic, focus, and contrast -- 4.1 Left-peripheral contrastive topic -- 4.2 Clause-initial lian-DP -- 4.3 VP peripheral object -- 5 Summary -- References -- 6: Aspect -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Viewpoint aspect -- 2.1 The syntax of viewpoint aspect -- 2.2 Syntax and aspectual meanings -- 3 Situation aspect -- 3.1 Aspectual situation types in Mandarin Chinese -- 3.2 The representation of situation aspect/event structure -- 4 Aspect and tense in Chinese -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Sentence-Final Particles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Common properties of Chinese SFPs -- 3 SFPs and the structure of the C-domain in Chinese -- 4 Issues in the syntactic derivation of SFPs -- 4.1 Markers of negation functioning as question particles -- 4.2 The origin and grammaticalization of SFPs: a study of Taiwanese kong -- 4.3 SFPs and a locality effect: Lin (2010) -- 4.4 The Dislocation Focus Construction and SFPs: Cheung (2009) -- 4.5 Revisiting sequences of SFPs -- 5 Summary and thoughts for future research -- References -- 8: Wh-Expressions in Mandarin Chinese -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The empirical data -- 2.1 Interrogative wh-phrases -- 2.2 Existential wh-phrases -- 2.3 Universal wh-phrases -- 3 Different approaches to in situ wh-expressions -- 3.1 The semantics of wh-questions -- 3.2 The quantificational approach to wh in situ -- 3.3 The operator movement approach -- 3.4 The unselective binding approach -- 3.5 The Alternative Semantics Theory -- 4 Concluding remarks -- References -- 9: Quantification and Scope -- 1 Quantifiers.

2 Scope interaction -- 2.1 Word order and scope -- 2.2 The scope principle -- 3 Conclusion and further issues -- References -- 10: The Syntactic Structure of Noun Phrases -- 1 Constituents and constituent order -- 2 Interpretational properties -- 3 Modification -- 4 The classifier -- 4.1 Count and mass -- 4.2 Number -- 4.3 Functions: Mandarin vs. Cantonese -- 5 The structural position of the classifier -- 6 De and its identity -- 7 NumeralP and NumberP -- 8 D or no D -- 9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11: Ellipsis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 DP/NP ellipsis -- 2.1 DP-ellipsis -- 2.2 NP(N′)-ellipsis -- 3 VP-ellipsis -- 4 Sluicing -- 4.1 Sluicing in Chinese is not true sluicing -- 4.2 Pseudo-sluicing -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 12: Causal VVs in Mandarin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Talking about causal VVs -- 3 Non-causal VVs -- 4 Semantic relations between M and R -- 4.1 Event modifiers and logical form -- 4.2 Combinations of M and R -- 5 The potential form -- 6 The interpretation of S and O -- 6.1 S and O relative to R -- 6.2 S and O relative to M -- 7 Explaining the interpretations of S and O -- 7.1 S and O relative to M -- 7.2 S and O relative to R -- 8 Syntax -- 8.1 Position of O -- 8.2 Position of S -- 8.3 Silent predicates -- 8.4 Relation to V-de resultative -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- 13: Comparatives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The clausal analysis and its syntactic implications -- 3 Controversies -- 3.1 The multiple topic analysis -- 3.2 The complementation analysis -- 3.3 The phrasal analysis -- 4 Reconsideration of the clausal comparative -- 4.1 The hybrid analysis -- 4.2 Implications of the hybrid analysis -- 5 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II: Phonetics, Phonology, and Prosody -- 14: Chinese Phonetics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Part I -- 2.1 Vowels in CV syllables -- 2.2 Syllable-initial consonants.

2.3 Syllable-final consonants -- 2.4 Vowels in CVS and CVN syllables -- 2.5 Tones -- 2.6 Concluding remarks -- 3 Part II -- 3.1 The neutral tone -- 3.2 The er-hua rhymes -- 3.3 Apical vowels -- 3.4 Palatals -- 3.5 Coronals -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 15: Segmental Phonology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Standard Mandarin sounds, distribution, and processes -- 2.1 Alveolo-palatals -- 2.2 Vowel inventory and distribution -- 2.3 Vowel assimilation -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 Beijing Mandarin er suffixation -- 3.1 The representation of the er suffix and the data -- 3.2 Major issues and analyses -- 4 Diminutive affixation and rime change -- 4.1 Suffixation -- 4.2 Infixation -- 4.3 Rime change -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Co-occurrence restrictions -- 6 Concluding remarks -- References -- 16: Syllable Structure and Stress -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What is a syllable? -- 3 The maximal syllable in Chinese -- 4 The minimal syllable in Chinese -- 5 Syllabic C -- 6 Heavy and light syllables -- 7 Stress, the Weight-Stress Principle, and tone -- 8 Judgment of stress -- 9 Word stress -- 10 The disyllabic requirement -- 11 Phrasal stress and the Information-Stress Principle (ISP) -- 12 Concluding remarks -- References -- 17: Tones, Tonal Phonology, and Tone Sandhi -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Typological characteristics of Chinese tones -- 2.1 Characteristics of tonal inventories -- 2.2 Characteristics of tone sandhi -- 3 Tonal representation and the TBU -- 4 The analysis of Chinese tone sandhi patterns -- 5 Variation, gradience, and exceptions in Chinese tone patterns -- 6 Other issues -- 6.1 Structure-sensitive tone sandhi -- 6.2 The relation between tone sandhi and stress -- 6.3 Tone sandhi in longer sequences -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 18: Prosody and Syntax -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chinese tone sandhi and its relation to syntactic structure -- 2.1 Wu dialect: Shanghai Chinese.

2.2 Hokkien -- 2.3 Mandarin Chinese -- 3 Other prosody and syntax phenomena in Chinese -- 3.1 Nuclear stress phenomena -- 3.2 Disyllabicity as a prosodic constraint on lexical-syntactic structures -- 4 Summary -- References -- Part III: Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics -- 19: Bilingual and Multilingual Acquisition of Chinese -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Childhood bilingualism -- 1.2 Chinese languages -- 1.3 Theoretical significance of bilingual acquisition -- 1.4 Contexts for the bilingual and multilingual acquisition of Chinese -- 2 Findings on the acquisition of Chinese in multilingual contexts -- 2.1 Separate systems -- 2.2 Interactive development -- 2.3 Language dominance -- 2.4 Vulnerable domains -- 3 Influence of Chinese on English -- 3.1 wh in situ -- 3.2 Null arguments -- 3.3 Relative clauses -- 4 Trilingual and multilingual development -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 20: Neurocognitive Approaches to the Processing of Chinese -- 1 Orthographic processing of Chinese -- 1.1 The Chinese writing system and its cognitive and neural consequences -- 1.2 Neuroimaging study of brain activation in Chinese character processing -- 1.3 Computer simulation of Chinese character acquisition -- 2 Prosodic and phonological processing of Chinese -- 2.1 Tone perception -- 2.2 Prosodic processing -- 2.3 Interaction between phonological and lexical semantic processing -- 3 Lexical representation and acquisition in Chinese -- 3.1 Lexical categories in monolingual representations -- 3.2 Lexical categories in bilingual representations -- 3.3 Lexical categories in child language development -- 4 Processing of phrases and sentences in Chinese -- 4.1 Interplay between syntax and semantics -- 4.2 Sentence processing in Chinese-English bilinguals -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Historical Linguistics.

21: Historical Syntax of Chinese.