Urinary Stones: Medical and Surgical Management -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part 1 Types of Urinary Stones and Their Medical Management -- Chapter 1 How to Build a Kidney Stone Prevention Clinic -- Introduction -- Personnel -- Evaluation -- Treatment -- Pharmacological prevention -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Metabolic Evaluation: Interpretation of 24-Hour Urine Chemistries -- Introduction -- Serum chemistries -- Stone analysis -- 24-hour urine chemistries -- Volume and creatinine -- Calcium -- Oxalate -- Citrate -- Uric acid -- pH -- Sodium and potassium -- Phosphorus -- Magnesium -- Sulfate and urea -- Ammonium -- Supersaturation of stone-forming salts -- References -- Chapter 3 Uric Acid Stones -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of uric acid stones -- Pathogenesis of uric acid stones -- Diagnosis of uric acid stones -- Management of uric acid stone formers -- Ammonium urate stones -- Summary and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Calcium Stones -- Overview -- How do stones begin? -- Risk factors for calcium stones -- Management algorithms -- References -- Chapter 5 Struvite Stones -- Introduction -- Microbiology -- Diagnosis and features -- Pathogenicity and pathophysiology -- Effects on renal function -- Metabolic evaluation and pharmacotherapy -- Irrigation chemolysis -- Surgical management -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Genetic Causes of Kidney Stones: Cystinuria, Primary Hyperoxaluria, Dent's Disease, and APRT Deficiency -- Introduction -- When to suspect a genetic cause of kidney stones -- Cystinuria -- Primary hyperoxaluria -- Dent's disease -- Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria) -- References -- Chapter 7 Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Stones -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Stones -- Introduction.

Evaluation -- Clinical presentation -- Guidelines for surgery -- Non-surgical patients -- Management of nephrolithiais in primary hyperparathyroidism -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Renal Tubular Acidosis, Stones, and Nephrocalcinosis -- Historical background -- Underlying acid-base physiology -- Proximal renal tubular acidosis -- Underlying mechanisms in distal RTA -- Diagnosis and management of RTA -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Drug-Induced Stones -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Drug-containing kidney stones -- Metabolically induced kidney stones -- Management of the patient with drug-induced nephrolithiasis -- References -- Chapter 11 Management of Renal Colic and Medical Expulsive Therapy -- Introduction -- Etiology -- Epidemiology -- Pain management -- Medical expulsive therapy -- References -- Part 2 Surgical Management of Urinary Stones -- Chapter 12 Indications for Conservative and Surgical Management of Urinary Stone Disease -- Introduction -- Ureteral calculi -- Renal calculi -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 13 Perioperative Imaging: Plain Film, Sonography, Contrast-Based Fluoroscopic Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Urography -- Introduction -- Conventional radiography/abdominal plain film -- Ultrasound -- Intravenous urography/intravenous pyelography -- Computed tomography -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 14 Emergency Urinary Drainage Techniques Employed for an Obstructing Upper Urinary Tract Calculus With and Without Associated Sepsis -- Introduction -- Which procedure should be used for emergency drainage of the obstructed kidney? -- Technical aspects -- References -- Chapter 15 Endoscopic Management of Lower Urinary Tract Calculi: Tips and Tricks -- Introduction -- Standard endoscopic techniques -- Bladder calculi -- Prostatic urethral calculi.

Anterior urethral calculi -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 16 Ureteroscopy -- Equipment -- Ureteroscopy technique -- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 17 Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Children: Renal Stones -- Introduction -- Renal functional outcomes after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy -- Intraoperative monitoring and surgical techniques -- Predictors of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy success -- Outcomes in contemporary large series -- Special groups -- Summary -- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children: ureteral stones -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Generators and Treatment Techniques -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of stone comminution -- Shock wave generators -- Factors influencing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19 Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: Indications, Access Endoscopes, Accessories, and Lithotrites -- Introduction -- Indications -- Setting up for surgery -- Gaining access to the ureter -- Endoscopes -- Stone fragmentation and retrieval -- After stone extraction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 20 Ureteropyeloscopic Management of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi -- Introduction -- Ureteroscopic lithotripsy: general principles -- Choosing an endoscope -- Surgical technique -- References -- Chapter 21 Percutaneous Nephrolithomy: Access and Instrumentation -- Introduction -- Planning access preoperatively -- Positioning for access -- Access techniques -- Instruments -- References -- Chapter 22 Percutaneous Management of Intrarenal Calculi -- Introduction -- Preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis -- Access -- Irrigation fluid -- Stone clearance -- Exit strategy -- Special anatomical considerations -- Complications -- Follow-up -- References.

Chapter 23 Laparoscopic and Open Surgical Management of Urinary Calculi -- Introduction -- Renal calculi -- Ureteric calculi -- Bladder calculi -- References -- Chapter 24 Multimodality Therapy: Mixing and Matching of Surgical Techniques for the Treatment of Stone Disease -- Introduction -- Shock wave lithotripsy with a ureteral stent -- Combination of shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Laparoscopy combined with endoscopy -- Ureteroscopy before renal transplantation -- Pre-ureteroscopy ureteral stenting -- Combined antegrade and retrograde treatment (Figure  24.2) -- References -- Chapter 25 Management of Complications Associated with Various Lithotripsy Techniques -- Introduction -- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy -- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy -- Ureteropyeloscopic lithotripsy -- References -- Index.