Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology The Essentials -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- About the companion website -- Chapter 1 Structure and innervation of hollow viscera -- The mucosa -- The submucosa -- The muscularis propria -- Serosa or adventitia -- Esophagus -- Stomach -- Small bowel -- Colon and rectum -- Anus -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 2 Gastrointestinal hormones in the regulation of gut function in health and disease -- Introduction -- Gut peptide classification and function -- Enteroendocrine cells -- Synthesis and secretion -- GI hormone-mediated action -- GI hormone receptors -- Postreceptor signaling -- GI hormone families -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Chapter 3 Gastrointestinal motility -- Introduction -- Enteric nervous system -- Esophageal motility -- Gastric motility -- Small bowel motility -- Colonic motility -- Anorectal motility -- Motility testing -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 4 Gastrointestinal immunology and ecology -- Introduction -- The anatomy of the mucosal immune system -- Sites of mucosal immune-microbial interactions -- Secretory IgA -- Cells of the mucosal immune system -- Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) -- Lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) -- Mucosal T cells: Inflammatory and regulatory subsets -- Mucosal macrophages and dendritic cells -- Intestinal epithelial cells -- Immunosuppression in the GI tract: Oral tolerance -- The enteric ecosystem -- Conclusion -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 5 Gastric physiology -- Overview -- Functional anatomy -- Regulation of gastric acid secretion -- Histamine -- Gastrin -- Acetylcholine -- Gastrin-releasing peptide -- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide -- Somatostatin -- Enterogastrone.

Parietal cell intracellular pathways -- Measurement of gastric acid secretion -- Regulation of pepsinogen secretion -- Gastric defense -- Physiologic correlates -- Response to a meal -- Acknowledgment -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 6 Structure and function of the exocrine pancreas -- Overview -- Gross anatomy -- Microscopic anatomy -- Pancreatic juice -- Water and electrolytes -- Proteins -- Cellular mechanisms of secretion -- Water and electrolytes -- Proteins -- Regulation of pancreatic secretion -- Basal secretion -- Postprandial secretion -- CCK and secretin-releasing factors and feedback regulation -- Inhibitors of pancreatic secretion -- Effects of pancreatic blood flow -- Protective mechanisms -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 7 Absorption and secretion of fluid and electrolytes -- Introduction -- Structural considerations -- Principles of transepithelial transport -- Water transport -- Sodium transport -- Potassium transport -- Anion transport -- Regional transport properties of the intestine -- Transport in the duodenum and jejunum -- Transport in the ileum -- Transport in the colon -- Regulation of transport -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 8 Absorption of nutrients -- Introduction -- Lipid absorption -- Mineral absorption -- Calcium -- Magnesium -- Phosphate -- Trace elements -- Iron -- Copper -- Zinc -- Other trace elements -- Vitamin absorption -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin A -- Folate -- Cobalamin ( B 12) -- Thiamin -- Riboflavin -- Vitamin C -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 9 Hepatic structure and function -- Overview -- Gross anatomy -- Lobes -- Segments -- Glisson's capsule -- Vasculature -- Microscopic anatomy -- Functional units -- Portal tracts -- Sinusoids -- Hepatocytes and liver cell plates.

Space of Disse and lymph -- Bile canaliculi and ducts -- Hepatic veins -- Innervation -- Function -- Sinusoids -- Hepatocytes -- Assessment of liver function -- Aminotransferases -- Alkaline phosphatase -- Bilirubin -- Serum proteins -- Acknowledgment -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 10 The splanchnic circulation -- Introduction -- Basic principles -- Neurohumoral regulation of splanchnic blood flow -- Intrinsic regulation of blood flow and tissue oxygenation -- Regulation of transcapillary fluid exchange -- Gastric circulation -- Anatomy -- Hemodynamics -- Regulation of blood flow and oxygenation -- Mucosal defense -- Intestinal circulation -- Anatomy -- Hemodynamics -- Blood flow regulation -- Collaterals vessels and ischemia -- Pancreatic circulation -- Anatomy -- Blood flow regulation -- Hepatic circulation -- Anatomy -- Hemodynamics -- Blood flow regulation -- Portal hypertension -- Multiple choice questions -- Further Reading -- Answers -- Chapter 11 Composition and circulation of the bile -- Introduction -- Mechanism of bile formation -- Chemistry of bile acids -- Bile acid transport and the enterohepatic circulation -- Uptake of bile acids by hepatocytes -- Excretion of bile acids by hepatocytes -- Transport of bile acids by intestinal epithelial cells -- Functions of bile acids -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Chapter 12 Bilirubin metabolism -- Sources of bilirubin -- Transport and metabolism of bilirubin -- Extrahepatic fate of excreted bilirubin -- Clinical laboratory determination of serum bilirubin -- Evaluation of the patient with hyperbilirubinemia -- Multiple choice questions -- References -- Answers -- Index.