Metal Nanopowders -- Contents -- Foreword -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Estimation of Thermodynamic Data of Metallic Nanoparticles Based on Bulk Values -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Thermodynamic Background -- 1.3 Size-Dependent Materials Data of Nanoparticles -- 1.4 Comparison of Experimental and Calculated Melting Temperatures -- 1.5 Comparison with Data for the Entropy of Melting -- 1.6 Discussion of the Results -- 1.7 Conclusions -- 1.A Appendix: Zeros and Extrema of the Free Enthalpy of Melting Gm-nano -- References -- Chapter 2 Numerical Simulation of Individual Metallic Nanoparticles -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulation -- 2.2.1 Motion of Atoms -- 2.2.2 Temperature and Potential Energy -- 2.2.3 Ensembles -- 2.2.4 Energy Minimization -- 2.2.5 Force Field -- 2.2.6 Potential Truncation and Neighbor List -- 2.2.7 Simulation Program and Platform -- 2.3 Size-Dependent Properties -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Simulation Setting -- 2.3.3 Size-Dependent Melting Phenomenon -- 2.4 Sintering Study of Two Nanoparticles -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Simulation Setting -- 2.4.3 Sintering Process Characterization -- 2.5 Oxidation of Nanoparticles in the Presence of Oxygen -- 2.5.1 Introduction -- 2.5.2 Simulation Setting -- 2.5.3 Characterization of the Oxidation Process -- 2.6 Heating and Cooling of a Core-Shell Structured Particle -- 2.6.1 Simulation Method -- 2.6.2 Heating Simulation -- 2.6.2.1 Solidification Simulation -- 2.7 Chapter Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Electroexplosive Nanometals -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Electrical Explosion of Wires Technology for Nanometals Production -- 3.2.1 The Physics of the Process of Electrical Explosion of Wires -- 3.2.2 Nonequilibrium State of EEW Products -Nanometals.

3.2.3 The Equipment Design for nMe Production by Electrical Explosion of Wires Method -- 3.2.4 Comparative Characteristics of the Technology of Electrical Explosion of Wires -- 3.2.5 The Methods for the Regulation of the Properties of Nanometals Produced by Electrical Explosion of Wires -- 3.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Metal Nanopowders Production -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 EEW Method of Nanopowder Production -- 4.2.1 Electrical Explosion of Wires Phenomenon -- 4.2.2 Nanopowder Production Equipment -- 4.3 Recondensation NP-Producing Methods: Plasma-Based Technology -- 4.3.1 Fundamentals of Plasma-Chemical NP Production -- 4.3.2 Vortex-Stabilized Plasma Reactor -- 4.3.3 Starting Material Metering Device (Dispenser) -- 4.3.4 Disperse Material Trapping Devices (Cyclone Collectors and Filters) -- 4.3.5 NP Encapsulation Unit -- 4.4 Characteristics of Al Nanopowders -- 4.5 Nanopowder Chemical Passivation -- 4.6 Microencapsulation of Al Nanoparticles -- 4.7 The Process of Producing Nanopowders of Aluminum by Plasma-Based Technology -- 4.7.1 Production of Aluminum Nanopowder -- 4.7.2 Some Properties of Produced Nanopowders of Aluminum, Boron, Aluminum Boride, and Silicon -- References -- Chapter 5 Characterization of Metallic Nanoparticle Agglomerates -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Description of the Structure of Nanoparticle Agglomerates -- 5.3 Experimental Techniques to Characterize the Agglomerate Structure -- 5.3.1 TEM and 3-D TEM Tomography -- 5.3.2 Scattering Techniques -- 5.3.3 Direct Determination of Agglomerate Mass and Size -- 5.4 Mechanical Stability -- 5.5 Thermal Stability -- 5.6 Rate-Limiting Steps: Gas Transport versus Reaction Velocity -- 5.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Passivation of Metal Nanopowders -- 6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Theoretical and Experimental Background -- 6.2.1 Chemical and Physical Processes in Aluminum Nanoparticles during Their Passivation by Slow Oxidation under Atmosphere (Ar + Air) -- 6.2.2 Chemical Mechanism of Aluminum Nanopowder Passivation by Slow Air Oxidation -- 6.3 Characteristics of the Passivated Particles -- 6.3.1 Characteristics of Aluminum Nanopowders, Passivated by Gaseous and Solid Reagents (Samples No 1-6, Table 6.7) -- 6.3.2 Characteristics of Aluminum Nanopowders, Passivated by Gaseous and Solid Reagents (Samples No 7-11, Table 6.7) -- 6.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Safety Aspects of Metal Nanopowders -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Some Basic Phenomena of Oxidation of Nanometal Particles in Air -- 7.3 Determination of Fire Hazards of Nanopowders -- 7.4 Sensitivity against Electrostatic Discharge -- 7.5 Ranking of Nanopowders According to Hazard Classification -- 7.6 Demands for Packing -- References -- Chapter 8 Reaction of Aluminum Powders with Liquid Water and Steam -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental Technique for Studying Reaction Al Powders with Liquid and Gaseous Water -- 8.2.1 Oxidation of Aluminum Powder with Distilled Water -- 8.3 Oxidation of Aluminum Powder in Water Vapor Flow -- 8.4 Nanopowders Passivated with Coatings on the Base of Aluminum Carbide -- 8.5 Study of Al Powder/H2O Slurry Samples Heated Linear in "Open System" by STA -- 8.6 Ultrasound (US) and Chemical Activation of Metal Aluminum Oxidation in Liquid Water -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Nanosized Cobalt Catalysts for Hydrogen Storage Systems Based on Ammonia Borane and Sodium Borohydride -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Experimental.

9.1.2 Study of the Activity of Nanosized Cobalt Boride Catalysts Forming in the Reaction Medium of Sodium Borohydride and Ammonia Borane -- 9.2 A Study of Nanosized Cobalt Borides by Physicochemical Methods -- 9.2.1 A Study of the Crystallization of Amorphous Cobalt Borides Forming in the Medium of Sodium Borohydride and Ammonia Borane -- 9.2.2 The Effect of the Reaction Medium on the State of Cobalt Boride Catalysts -- 9.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Reactive and Metastable Nanomaterials Prepared by Mechanical Milling -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Mechanical Milling Equipment -- 10.3 Process Parameters -- 10.4 Material Characterization -- 10.5 Ignition and Combustion Experiments -- 10.6 Starting Materials -- 10.7 Mechanically Alloyed and Metal-Metal Composite Powders -- 10.7.1 Preparation and Characterization -- 10.7.2 Thermal Analysis -- 10.7.3 Heated Filament Ignition -- 10.7.4 Constant Volume Explosion -- 10.7.5 Lifted Laminar Flame (LLF) Experiments -- 10.8 Reactive Nanocomposite Powders -- 10.8.1 Preparation and Characterization -- 10.8.2 Thermally Activated Reactions and their Mechanisms -- 10.8.3 Ignition -- 10.8.4 Particle Combustion Dynamics -- 10.8.5 Constant Volume Explosion -- 10.8.6 Consolidated Samples: Mechanical and Reactive Properties -- 10.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 Characterizing Metal Particle Combustion In Situ: Non-equilibrium Diagnostics -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Ignition and Combustion of Solid Materials -- 11.2.1 Ignition -- 11.2.2 Propagation -- 11.2.3 Flame Speeds -- 11.3 Aluminum Reaction Mechanisms -- 11.4 The Flame Tube -- 11.5 Flame Temperature -- 11.5.1 Background -- 11.5.2 Radiometer Setup -- 11.5.3 Infrared Setup.

11.5.4 Linking Radiometer and IR Data for a Spatial Distribution of Temperature -- 11.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Characterization and Combustion of Aluminum Nanopowders in Energetic Systems -- 12.1 Fuels in Energetic Systems: Introduction and Literature Survey -- 12.1.1 An Overall Introduction to Energetic Systems -- 12.1.2 Experimental Investigations on Micro and Nano Energetic Additives -- 12.1.3 Theoretical/Numerical Investigations on Energetic Additives -- 12.1.4 Thermites -- 12.1.4.1 Nanocomposite Thermites -- 12.1.5 Explosives -- 12.1.6 A Short Historical Survey of SPLab Contributions -- 12.1.7 Concluding Remarks on Energetic Additives -- 12.2 Thermochemical Performance of Energetic Additives -- 12.2.1 Ideal Performance Analysis of Metal Fuels -- 12.2.2 Solid Propellant Optimal Formulations -- 12.2.3 Hybrid Rocket Performance Analysis -- 12.2.4 Oxidizing Species in Hybrid Rocket Nozzles -- 12.2.5 Active Aluminum Content and Performance Detriment -- 12.2.6 Two-Phase Losses -- 12.2.7 Concluding Remarks on Theoretical Performance -- 12.3 Nanosized Powder Characterization -- 12.3.1 Introduction -- 12.3.2 Facilities Used for Nanosized Powder Analyses -- 12.3.3 Tested nAl Powders: Production, Coating, and Properties -- 12.3.3.1 Production of nAl Particles -- 12.3.3.2 Coating of nAl Particles -- 12.3.3.3 Morphology and Internal Structure of nAl Particles -- 12.3.3.4 BET Area and Aluminum Content of nAl Particles -- 12.3.4 DSC/TGA Slow Heating Rate Reactivity -- 12.3.4.1 Nonisothermal Oxidation of 50 nm Powder -- 12.3.4.2 Nonisothermal Oxidation of 100 nm Powder -- 12.3.4.3 Passivation/Coating Efficiency -- 12.3.5 High Heating Rate Reactivity -- 12.3.5.1 nAl Powder Ignition Experimental Setup -- 12.3.5.2 nAl Powder Ignition Representative Results.

12.3.6 CCP Collection by Strand Burner.