Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Acid-Base Cooperative Catalysis for Organic Reactions by Designed Solid Surfaces with Organofunctional Groups -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Bifunctional Catalysts Possessing Both Acidic and Basic Organic Groups -- 1.2.1 Urea-Amine Bifunctional Catalyst -- 1.2.2 Sulfonic or Carboxylic Acid-Amine Bifunctional Catalyst -- 1.3 Bifunctional Catalysts Possessing Basic Organic Groups and Acid Sites Derived from Their Support Surface -- 1.3.1 Organic Base-Catalyzed Reactions Enhanced by SiO2 -- 1.3.2 Amine-Catalyzed Reactions Enhanced by Acid Site on Silica-Alumina -- 1.3.3 Control of Acid-Base Interaction on Solid Surface -- 1.3.4 Cooperative Catalysis of Acid Site, Primary Amine, and Tertiary Amine -- 1.4 Prospect -- References -- Chapter 2 Catalytic Reactions in or by Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Bridging the Gap between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 2.1 Introduction and Background -- 2.2 Catalysis with IL-Supported or Mediated Metal Nanoparticles -- 2.2.1 Preparation of MNPs in ILs -- 2.2.1.1 IL Itself as the Reducing Agent -- 2.2.1.2 Molecular Hydrogen as Reducing Agent -- 2.2.1.3 NaBH4 as the Reducing Agent -- 2.2.1.4 Other Reducing Agents -- 2.2.2 Characterization of IL-Supported or Mediated MNPs -- 2.2.2.1 XPS and NMR -- 2.2.2.2 SEM and TEM -- 2.2.2.3 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 2.2.3 Hydrogenation Reactions -- 2.2.4 IL-Supported Pd NPs -- 2.2.5 IL-Supported Pt and Ir NPs -- 2.2.6 IL-Supported Ru NPs -- 2.2.6.1 IL-Supported Rh NPs -- 2.2.7 C-C Coupling Reactions -- 2.2.7.1 Suzuki Reaction -- 2.2.7.2 Mizoroki-Heck Reaction -- 2.2.7.3 Stille Reaction -- 2.2.7.4 Sonogashira Reaction -- 2.2.7.5 Ullmann Reaction -- 2.2.8 Brief Summary.

2.3 Reactions Catalyzed by Solid-Supported IL: Heterogeneous Catalysis with Homogeneous Performance -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.1.1 Design, Preparation, and Properties of Supported IL-Phase Catalysis -- 2.3.2 Design, Preparation, and Properties of Silica Gel-Confined IL Catalysts -- 2.3.2.1 Design, Preparation, and Properties of Covalently Supported IL Catalysts -- 2.3.3 Catalytic Reaction with Supported IL Catalysts -- 2.3.3.1 Catalytic Hydrogenation -- 2.3.3.2 Selective Oxidation -- 2.3.3.3 Catalytic Carbonylation Reaction -- 2.3.3.4 Water-Gas Shift Reaction -- 2.3.3.5 Isomerization and Oligomerization -- 2.3.3.6 Alkylation and Esterification Reactions -- 2.3.3.7 Asymmetric Catalysis -- 2.3.3.8 Enzyme Catalysis -- 2.3.4 Brief Summary -- 2.4 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3 Heterogeneous Catalysis with Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Ordered Mesoporous Silica -- 3.1.2 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials -- 3.1.3 Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 3.2 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials -- 3.2.1 General Advantages of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials -- 3.2.2 Grafting and Co-Condensation -- 3.2.2.1 Amine Groups -- 3.2.2.2 Ionic Liquids (ILs) -- 3.2.2.3 Others -- 3.2.3 Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs) -- 3.2.3.1 Synthesis of PMOs with Surfactants -- 3.2.3.2 Aliphatic PMO -- 3.2.3.3 Aromatic PMO -- 3.2.3.4 Hybrid Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica (HPMO) -- 3.3 Catalysis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials -- 3.3.1 Catalytic Application of Organic-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica by Grafting and Co-Condensation Method -- 3.3.1.1 Knoevenagel Condensation -- 3.3.1.2 Aldol Condensation -- 3.3.1.3 Esterification of Alcohol -- 3.3.2 Catalytic Application of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica -- 3.3.3 Chiral Catalysis -- 3.3.4 Photocatalysis -- 3.4 Summary and Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 4 Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis Using Immobilized Chiral Catalysts -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Soluble Polymeric Supports and Catalyst Separation Methods -- 4.2.1 Types of Soluble Polymeric Supports -- 4.2.2 Immobilized Catalyst Separation Methods -- 4.3 Chiral Linear Polymeric Catalysts -- 4.4 Chiral Dendritic Catalysts -- 4.5 Helical Polymeric Catalysts -- 4.6 Conclusion and Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Endeavors to Bridge the Gap between Homo- and Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis with Organometallics -- 5.1 General Introduction -- 5.2 Combinatorial Approach for Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis -- 5.2.1 The Principle of Combinatorial Approach to Chiral Catalyst Discovery -- 5.2.2 Ti(IV)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reactions -- 5.2.2.1 Schiff Base/Ti(IV)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction -- 5.2.2.2 BINOLate/Ti(IV)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction -- 5.2.2.3 BINOLate/Ti-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbonyl-Ene Reaction -- 5.2.2.4 BINOLate/Ti-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-Opening Aminolysis of Epoxides -- 5.2.3 Zn Complex-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reactions -- 5.2.3.1 Chiral Amino Alcohol/Zn/Racemic Amino Alcohol-Catalyzed Asymmetric Diethylzinc Addition to Aldehydes -- 5.2.3.2 BINOLate/Zn/Diimine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Diethylzinc Addition to Aldehydes -- 5.2.3.3 BINOLate/Zn/Diimine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction -- 5.2.4 Ru Complex-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reactions -- 5.2.4.1 Achiral Monophosphine/Ru/Chiral Diamine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones -- 5.2.4.2 Achiral Bisphosphine/Ru/Chiral Diamine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones -- 5.3 Self-Supporting Approach for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis.

5.3.1 The Principle of Design and Generation of Self-Supported Catalysts -- 5.3.2 Self-Supported BINOLate/Ti(IV)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbonyl-Ene Reaction -- 5.3.3 Self-Supported BINOLate/Ti(IV)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfoxidation Reaction -- 5.3.4 Self-Supported BINOLate/La(III)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation -- 5.3.5 Self-Supported BINOLate/Zn(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation -- 5.3.6 Self-Supported Noyori-Type Ru(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation -- 5.3.7 Self-Supported MonoPhos/Rh(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions -- 5.3.7.1 Covalent Bonded Bridging Ligands for Self-Supported Catalysts -- 5.3.7.2 Hydrogen-Bonded Bridging Ligands for Self-Supported Catalysts -- 5.3.7.3 Metal-Coordinated Bridging Ligands for Self-Supported Catalysts -- 5.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Catalysis in and on Water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Catalytic Reactions in and ``on'' Water -- 6.2.1 Hydroformylation -- 6.2.2 Hydrogenation -- 6.2.2.1 Achiral Hydrogenation -- 6.2.2.2 Asymmetric Hydrogenation -- 6.2.3 C-C Bond Formation -- 6.2.3.1 Diels-Alder Reaction -- 6.2.3.2 Friedel-Crafts Reaction -- 6.2.3.3 Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling -- 6.2.3.4 Heck Reaction -- 6.2.3.5 Alcohol Oxidation -- 6.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 A Green Chemistry Strategy: Fluorous Catalysis -- 7.1 History of Fluorous Chemistry -- 7.2 Basics of Fluorous Chemistry -- 7.3 Fluorous Metallic Catalysis -- 7.3.1 Fluorous Palladacycle Catalysts -- 7.3.2 Fluorous Pincer Ligand-Based Catalysts -- 7.3.3 Fluorous Immobilized Nanoparticles Catalysts -- 7.3.4 Fluorous Palladium-NHC Complexes -- 7.3.5 Fluorous Phosphine-Based Palladium Catalyst -- 7.3.6 Fluorous Grubbs' Catalysts -- 7.3.7 Fluorous Silver Catalyst -- 7.3.8 Fluorous Wilkinson Catalyst -- 7.3.9 Miscellaneous Fluorous Catalysts.

7.4 Fluorous Organocatalysis -- 7.4.1 Asymmetric Aldol Reaction -- 7.4.2 Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction -- 7.4.3 Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction -- 7.4.4 Catalytic Oxidation Reaction -- 7.4.5 Catalytic Acetalization Reaction -- 7.4.6 Catalytic Condensation Reaction -- 7.4.7 Catalytic Asymmetric Fluorination Reaction -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Emulsion Catalysis: Interface between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Water in Chemistry -- 8.1.2 Water as Solvent -- 8.1.3 Emulsion -- 8.1.4 Emulsion Catalysis -- 8.2 Emulsion Catalysis in the Oxidative Desulfurization -- 8.2.1 Emulsion Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization Using H2O2 as Oxidant -- 8.2.2 Emulsion Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization Using O2 as Oxidant -- 8.3 Emulsion Catalysis in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Organic Reactions -- 8.4 Emulsion Catalysis in Reactions with Organocatalysts -- 8.4.1 Aldol Reaction -- 8.4.2 Michael Addition -- 8.5 Emulsion Formed with Polymer-Bounded Catalysts -- 8.5.1 Emulsion Catalysis Participated by Metal Nanoparticles Stabilized by Polymer -- 8.5.2 Polymer-Bounded Organometallic Catalysts in Emulsion Catalysis -- 8.6 Conclusion and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 9 Identification of Binding and Reactive Sites in Metal Cluster Catalysts: Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Bridges -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Control of Binding in Metal-Carbonyl Clusters via Ligand Effects -- 9.3 Imaging of CO Binding on Noble Metal Clusters -- 9.4 Imaging of Open Sites in Metal Cluster Catalysis -- 9.5 Elucidating Kinetic Contributions of Open Sites: Kinetic Poisoning Experiments Using Organic Ligands -- 9.6 More Approaches to Poisoning Open Catalytic Active Sites to Obtain Structure Function Relationships.

9.6.1 Using Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 to Block Sites on Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts.