Progress in Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Clusters.
Title:
Progress in Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Clusters.
Author:
Kondow, Tamotsu.
ISBN:
9789812775672
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (293 pages)
Series:
Advanced Series in Physical Chemistry ; v.13
Advanced Series in Physical Chemistry
Contents:
CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ADVANCED SERIES IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -- CHAPTER 1 SURVEY OF STRUCTURE, ENERGETICS AND DYNAMICS OF CLUSTERS -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Bonding Types -- 1.2. Size Scales -- 2. Structures of Clusters -- 3. Thermodynamics of Clusters -- 3.1. "Smooth" Phase Changes -- 3.1.1. "Surface Melting" -- 3.1.2. Phase Coexistence -- 3.2. Phase Diagrams -- 4. Implications of Cluster Thermodynamics for Bulk -- 4.1. First-Order and Second-Order Transitions -- 4.2. Other Phase Changes -- 5. Electronic Properties -- 5.1. Clusters as Quantum Dots -- 5.1.1. Density Set as Functional Methods -- 5.1.2. Hartree-Fock and Beyond -- 6. Kinetics of Free Clusters -- 7. Chemical Reactions of Clusters -- References -- CHAPTER 2 MOLECULAR AND IONIC CLUSTER SPECTROSCOPY -- 1. Historical Perspective -- 2. Contemporary Methods -- 2.1. Neutral Clusters -- 2.2. Ion Clusters -- 3. Neutral Spectra and Characterization -- 4. Ion Spectra and Characterization -- 5. Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL CLUSTERS IN THE GAS PHASE AND ON SOLID SURFACES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method of Cluster-Size Selection -- 3. Electronic and Geometric Structures -- 3.1. Optical Absorption Spectroscopy -- 3.2. Optical Absorption Spectra of Silver Cluster Ions -- 3.3. Optical Absorption Spectra of Transition Metal Cluster Ions -- 3.4. Photoelectron Spectra of Transition Metal Cluster Anions -- 3.5. Metal-Insulator Transition of Mercury Cluster -- 4. Specific Heat and Melting Point -- 4.1. Transition of Magnetic Phases in Ferromagnetic Metal Clusters -- 4.2. Solid-Liquid Phase Transition in Alkali-Metal Clusters -- 5. Reactivity of Isolated Clusters -- 5.1. Adsorption of Simple Molecules on Iron, Cobalt and Nickel Clusters -- 5.2. Size-Dependent Reaction of Nickel Cluster Ions with Methanol.
5.3. Effect of Vanadium Atom on the Reactivity of Cobalt Cluster -- 6. Clusters Supported on Solid Surfaces -- 6.1. Silver Clusters: Latent Images in Photographic Plates -- 6.2. Palladium Clusters: Benzene Synthesis through Cyclotrimerization of Acetylene -- 6.3. Platinum Clusters: Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 4 FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY ON METAL CLUSTERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental set up of the Pump-Probe Experiment -- 3. Pump-Probe Spectra of Bound Electronic States -- 4. Pump-Probe Spectroscopy of Dissociated and Predissociated Electronic States -- 5. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Electronic Ground States -- 6. The Influence of the Pulse Shape -- 7. Reaction Control with Shaped Pulses -- 8. Setup of the Coherent Control Experiment -- 9. Results and Discussion -- 10. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 5 CORE LEVEL EXCITATION OF CLUSTERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inner-Shell Excitation, Photoionization, Relaxation, and Fragmentation -- 2.1. X-ray Absorption -- 2.2. Scattering Processes -- 2.3. Inner-Shell Photoionization -- 2.4. Electronic and Radiative Relaxation -- 2.5. Fragmentation -- 3. Experimental Techniques -- 3.1. Cluster Production -- 3.2. X-ray Sources -- 3.3. Detection Methods -- 4. Selected Examples -- 4.1. Size Effects in Electronic Structure -- 4.2. Size Effects in Geometric Structure -- 4.3. Size Effects in Fragmentation of Multiply Charged Cluster -- 5. Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 6 LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ON SINGLE LEVITATED AEROSOL PARTICLES -- 1. Clusters in Atmospheric Physics -- 2. The Atmospheric Aerosol -- 3. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Polar Ozone Depletion -- 4. Experimental Methods -- 5. Dynamics of the Liquid-Solid Phase Transition -- 6. The Homogeneous Freezing of Water.
7. The Freezing Transition in Sulfuric Acid Solution -- 8. Homogeneous Freezing of Ternary Solutions -- 9. Heterogeneous Freezing of Ternary Solutions -- 10. Conclusion -- 11. Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 7 CLUSTER FORMATION FROM LIQUID PHASE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Methodologies -- 2.1. Electrospray -- 2.2. Liquid Jet -- 2.3. Liquid Beam -- 3. Formation Mechanism of Gas Phase Clusters from Liquid Beam -- 3.1. Mass Spectrum -- 3.2. Spatial Distribution -- 3.3. Ejection Mechanism -- 3.4. Macroscopic Structure of Liquid Beam -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- INDEX.
Abstract:
The cluster which is an ensemble of two thousands of atoms or molecules, has emerged as a completely new class of materials at the frontier of materials science. The frontier of cluster science extends so rapidly that the map of the science is renewed day by day. In order to provide basic knowledge and recent information on this growing field, 14 world-renowned scientists who are actively involved experimentally and theoretically in cluster science have written this book, which is concise, comprehensive, suitable for students at both the undergraduate and the graduate level, as well as people who work outside cluster science. Contents: Survey of Structure, Energetics and Dynamics of Clusters (R S Berry & R D Levine); Molecular and Ionic Cluster Spectroscopy (J M Lisy); Physical and Chemical Properties of Metal Clusters in the Gas Phase and on Solid Surfaces (A Terasaki); Femtosecond Spectroscopy on Metal Clusters (Š Vajda et al.); Core Level Excitation of Clusters (E Rühl); Laboratory Experiments on Single Levitated Aerosol Particles (T Leisner); Cluster Formation from Liquid Phase (F Mafuné). Readership: Researchers in atomic physics, molecular physics and physical chemistry.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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