Microscopic Approaches to Quantum Liquids in Confined Geometries.
Title:
Microscopic Approaches to Quantum Liquids in Confined Geometries.
Author:
Krotscheck, Eckhard.
ISBN:
9789812778475
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (436 pages)
Series:
Series on Advances in Quantum Many-Body Theory ; v.4
Series on Advances in Quantum Many-Body Theory
Contents:
Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 HELIUM LIQUIDS IN CONFINED GEOMETRIES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General observations on confined and inhomogeneous liquid helium -- 3. Droplets -- 4. Films -- 5. Other systems of recent interest -- 6. Theories -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS AT ZERO TEMPERATURE: HELIUM IN ONE, TWO, AND THREE DIMENSIONS -- 1. Monte Carlo methods and condensed helium -- 2. Monte Carlo methods at zero temperature -- 2.1. Variational Monte Carlo -- 2.2. Diffusion Monte Carlo -- 3. Diffusion Monte Carlo in Fermi systems -- 3.1. Fixed node -- 3.2. Released node -- 3.3. Analytic improvement of the trial wave function -- 3.4. A combined strategy -- 4. Preliminary considerations for a DMC calculation of liquid 4He -- 4.1. Inputs and consistency checks in the DMC calculations -- 4.2. Unbiased estimators -- 5. Bulk liquid 4He: ground-state and excitations -- 5.1. Equation of state and other ground-state properties -- 5.2. Excited states: phonon-roton spectrum -- 6. Two-dimensional liquid 4He -- 6.1. Ground-state properties -- 6.2. Vortex excitation -- 7. One-dimensional liquid 4He -- 8. Bulk liquid 3He -- 9. Two-dimensional 3He -- 10. Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 3 THE FINITE-TEMPERATURE PATH INTEGRAL MONTE CARLO METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO SUPERFLUID HELIUM CLUSTERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 2.1. General formulation -- 2.2. Density matrix evaluation -- 2.3. Multilevel Metropolis algorithm -- 2.4. Estimators for some physical quantities -- 3. Superfluidity and quantum solvation of atoms and molecules in bosonic helium clusters -- 3.1. Pure clusters -- 3.2. Atomic impurities -- 3.3. Molecular impurities -- 3.4. Exchange permutation analysis and impurity-induced non-superfluidity.
4. PIMC and the connection to cluster spectroscopy -- 4.1. Electronic spectra in HeN -- 4.2. Vibrational shifts in infrared spectroscopy of molecules in HeN -- 4.3. Rotational spectra of molecules embedded in HeN -- 5. Conclusions and future directions -- References -- Chapter 4 STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE BULK LIQUID AND BULK MIXTURES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Variational theory of quantum fluid mixtures -- 2.1. Exact Euler equation for the pair-distribution function -- 2.2. Variational energy in the HNC approximation -- 2.3. Collective excitations and stability -- 3. Correlated basis functions -- 4. Results for dilute 3He-4He mixtures in 2D and 3D -- 4.1. Pure liquid 4He: a performance test -- 4.2. Single-impurity limit -- 4.3. Two-impurity limit -- 4.4. Finite-concentration mixtures in 2D -- 5. Dynamic structure of quantum fluids -- 5.1. Equations-of-motion method -- 5.2. Continuity equations -- 5.3. Feynman approximation -- 5.4. CBF approximation -- 5.5. Beyond the CBF approximation ("full optimization") -- 5.6. Results: dynamic structure and related applications -- 6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 A MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF CONFINED QUANTUM LIQUIDS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. HNC-EL Theory for Inhomogeneous Bose Systems -- 2.1. Variational energy expectation value and Euler equations -- 2.2. Normal-Mode Analysis -- 2.3. Atomic Impurities -- 3. Theory of Excitations -- 3.1. Feynman Theory of Excitations and the Static Structure Function -- 3.2. Multiphonon Excitations -- 3.3. Convolution Approximation -- 3.4. Impurity Dynamics -- 3.5. Thermodynamics -- 4. Structure of Inhomogeneous Quantum Liquids -- 4.1. General Properties of Quantum Films -- 4.2. Atomic Monolayers -- 4.3. Multilayer Films -- 4.4. Liquid Between Two Plane Substrates: Hectorite -- 5. Film-Excitations -- 5.1. Surface Excitations.
5.2. Monolayer and Multilayer Excitations -- 5.3. Perpendicular Scattering -- 6. Quantum Film Thermodynamics -- 6.1. Heat Capacity -- 6.2. Superfluid Density -- 6.3. Surface Broadening -- 7. Atomic Impurities -- 7.1. Graphite Substrate -- 7.2. Alkali Metal Substrates -- 7.3. Effective Masses and Lifetimes -- 8. Structure of Clusters -- 9. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 DENSITY FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS OF LIQUID 3He IN RESTRICTED GEOMETRIES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Density functionals for liquid Helium -- 2.1. Zero-range functionals -- 2.2. Finite-range functionals -- 2.3. Spin-density dependent functionals -- 2.4. Finite-range functional for mixtures -- 3. Adsorbed systems -- 3.1. General theoretical aspects: the band spectrum -- 3.2. The response of a free quasiparticle gas in the Fermi D-spheres model -- 3.3. The Random-Phase-Approximation in the Fermi D-spheres model -- 3.4. Films on planar substrates -- 3.5. One and quasi-one dimensional helium fluids -- 4. Self-saturating systems -- 4.1. Pure drops -- 4.2. Mixed drops -- 4.3. Doped drops -- 4.4. Response in pure and doped helium clusters. -- 5. Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 CAVITATION IN LIQUID HELIUM -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermal nucleation -- 3. Quantum nucleation -- 4. Nucleation in 3He-4He liquid mixtures -- References -- Chapter 8 EXCITATIONS OF SUPERFLUID 4He IN CONFINEMENT -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Global picture -- 3. Experimental aspects -- 4. Films on graphite -- 5. Aerogel -- 6. Vycor -- 7. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9 MICROSCOPIC SUPERFLUIDITY OF SMALL 4He AND PARA-H2 CLUSTERS INSIDE HELIUM DROPLETS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental aspects -- 2.1. Production of droplets in free jet expansions -- 2.2. Sizes of He droplets -- 2.3. Pick-up of foreign molecules.
2.4. Apparatus used in spectroscopic studies -- 3. Superfluidity in finite sized 4He droplets -- 3.1. Theoretical predictions -- 3.2. Experimental evidence for superfluidity -- 4. Unhindered rotations of molecules in 4He droplets -- 5. Anomalously large moments of inertia of molecules in superfluid 4He droplets -- 5.1. Theoretical models -- 5.2. Experimental studies -- 6. Evidence for superfluidity in para-hydrogen clusters inside superfluid 4He droplets -- 7. Concluding remarks and outlook -- References -- Index.
Abstract:
Quantum liquids in confined geometries exhibit a large variety of new and interesting phenomena. For example, the internal structure of the liquid becomes more pronounced than in bulk liquids when the motion of the particles is restricted by an external matrix. Also, free quantum liquid droplets enable the study of the interaction of atoms and molecules with an external field without complications arising from interactions with container walls. This volume assembles review articles that present the status of frontline research in this field in a manner that makes the material accessible to the educated, but non-specialist, reader. The articles focus on the many-body aspects of the theory of quantum liquids in confined geometry. Research is in the very satisfactory situation where several accurate approaches are available that allow one to describe these systems in a quantitative manner without modelling uncertainty and uncontrolled assumptions. For example, dynamic situations of direct experimental relevance can be modelled with high accuracy. The theoretical approaches discussed are simulation methods, those semi-analytic many-body techniques that have proved to be successful in the field, and phenomenological density functional theories. Each of these methods has strengths and weaknesses, and it is hoped that this collection of comprehensive review articles in one volume will provide sufficient material for the reader to intelligently assess the theoretical problems, and the physical predictions of the individual theories. The collection is supplemented by several articles that highlight specific experimental issues (such as neutron or atom scattering, thermodynamics, phase transitions and magnetic properties), discuss the present directions of experimental research, and formulate questions and challenges for future theoretical work. Contents:
Helium Liquids in Confined Geometries (C E Campbell); Monte Carlo Simulations at Zero Temperature: Helium in One, Two, and Three Dimensions (J Boronat); The Finite-Temperature Path Integral Monte Carlo Method and Its Application to Superfluid Helium Clusters (P Huang et al.); Structure and Dynamics of the Bulk Liquid and Bulk Mixtures (M Saarela et al.); A Microscopic View of Confined Quantum Liquids (V Apaja & E Krotscheck); Density Functional Descriptions of Liquid 3 He in Restricted Geometries (E S Hernández & J Navarro); Cavitation in Liquid Helium (M Barranco et al.); Excitations of Supefluid 4 He in Confinement (B Fåk & H R Glyde); Microscopic Superfluidity of Small 4He and Para-H 2 Clusters Inside Helium Droplets (J P Toennies). Readership: Graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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