CONTENTS -- Editors -- An Equation-Free, Reduced-Order Modeling Approach to Tropical Pacific Simulation Ruiwen Wang, Jiang Zhu, Zhendong Luo and I. M. Navon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reduced-Gravity Model of Upper Tropic Pacific -- 2.1. Description of the physical model -- 2.2. Numerical scheme -- 3. Computational Formulation of EF Method -- 3.1. The EF POD model -- 4. Numerical Results and Error Analysis -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3D Current Characteristics Simulation with ANN Cheng Zi Chew, Philippe Gourbesville and Shi-Yui Liong -- 1. Background -- 2. Data Acquisition and Currents -- 2.1. ADCP strategy -- 2.2. Expected current patterns -- 3. Modeling Methodology -- 3.1. Data used -- 3.2. ANN and modeling procedures -- 3.3. Results -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Classification of Ocean Waves from the Data Buoy Measurements Ramakrishnan Balaji, S. A. Sannasiraj and Vallam Sundar -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Details -- 2.1. Simulation of waves -- 2.2. Model details and instrumentation -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Wave groups -- 3.2. Breaking waves -- 4. Summary -- References -- Water Properties in the Suva Lagoon, Fiji Awnesh Singh and Than Aung -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Climate of Fiji -- 1.2. Physical Geography and Bathymetry of the Suva Lagoon -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Wind data -- 2.2. River runo. and rainfall data -- 2.3. Water properties data -- 2.4. Model validation and implementation -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Field data -- 3.1.1. Wind regime -- 3.1.2. River discharge -- 3.1.3. Field salinity -- 3.1.4. Field temperature -- 3.1.5. Field turbidity -- 3.2. Model veri.cation -- 3.2.1. Salinity profiles from the model results and field data -- 3.2.2. Model salinity distribution in the lagoon -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Eutrophication Modeling Of Seawater Using Artificial Neural Network Technique P. Sundarambal, S. Y. Liong and P. Tkalich -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Study area and water quality data -- 2.2. Structure of ANN -- 2.3. ANN model formulations -- 2.3.1. Selection of input variables -- 2.3.2. Data partition -- 2.3.3. Network parameters -- 2.3.4. Training and testing -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Influence of the Makassar Strait Throughflow and Winds Over the Southeastern Indian Ocean on the Southwestern Indian Ocean SST Variability Lei Zhou and Raghu Murtugudde -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model Description -- 3. The Influence of the Southern Makassar Strait -- 3.1. Simulated seasonal variability in the southern Makassar Strait -- 3.2. The influence of the southern Makassar Strait on the Indian Ocean -- 4. The Influence of the Interannual Winds Over the SEIO on the Southern Indian Ocean -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Issues of River-Sea Interactions in Northern China Xuegong Xu, Zhenglei Xie and Xiaofeng Duan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Interactions of River and Sea in the Mouth Area of the Yellow River -- 2.1. Changes at the mouth of the Yellow River -- 2.2. Reasons and impacts of the coastal and river changes -- 3. Interaction of River and Sea in the Haihe Estuarine Area -- 3.1. Changes and e.ects of hydrodynamic conditions -- 3.2. Effects of human activities -- 3.2.1. The construction of strobes -- 3.2.2. The expansion of the Tianjin port -- 3.2.3. Land subsidence and rise of sea levels -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Surface Pattern of the South China Sea Western Boundary Current in Winter Zhigang He and Dongxiao Wang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Winter of 2003-2004 -- 3.2. Winter of 2004-2005 -- 3.3. Winter of 2005-2006.

3.4. The variability of the path and the origin of the surface SCSwbc in December -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CaCO3 to Organic Carbon Ratio in the South China Sea Zhimian Cao, Minhan Dai, Zhongming Lu and Kuanbo Zhou -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1. Study area -- 2.2. Sampling and analyses -- 2.2.1. PIC and POC -- 2.2.2. Time-series observations -- 2.2.3. Other parameters -- 3. Results -- 3.1. PIC and POC distribution at both sites -- 3.2. Diurnal variation of pCO2 in the reef flat -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. DIC uptake ratio of calcification to photosynthesis -- 4.2. Export ratio of CaCO3 to organic carbon in the basin area -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Improving Preparedness to Natural Hazards: Tropical Cyclone Seasonal Prediction for the Southern Hemisphere Yuriy Kuleshov, Lixin Qi, Robert Fawcett and David Jones -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Tropical Cyclone Archive for Southern Hemisphere -- 3. Understanding TC Variability and Change -- 4. Seasonal Prediction -- 4.1. Australian region -- 4.2. Eastern South Pacific Ocean -- 4.3. Other regions -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgment -- Appendix -- References -- Research Progress in the South China Sea Circulation and Local Air-Sea Interaction During 2003-2006 Dongxiao Wang, Yi Deng and Weiwen Wang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Regional Oceanography of the SCS -- 3. Basin-Scale Circulation and Its Dynamic Adjustment -- 4. Mesoscale Phenomenon -- 4.1. Mesoscale eddies -- 4.2. Coastal upwelling -- 5. Internal Waves and Tides -- 6. Barrier Layer and Warm Waters -- 7. Water Exchange Through Straits -- 8. Relationship between the SCS and ENSO -- 9. Air-Sea Interaction -- 10. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Natural Environmental Hazards Reflected in High-Altitude Patagonian Lake Sediments (Lake Caviahue, Argentina) Anne Müller, Burkhard Scharf, Wolf Von Tümpling and Michael Pirrung -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Material and Methods -- 2.1. Sampling of sediment cores -- 2.2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements -- 2.3. Carbon and nitrogen analyses -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Sediment description -- 3.2. Magnetic susceptibility -- 3.3. Organic carbon and nitrogen -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Prevalent directions and impact of volcanic inputs -- 4.2. The effect of volcanic inputs on productivity -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Micropaleontological and Sedimentological Reconstruction of Late Holocene Coastal Environments in Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia Kresna Tri Dewi, Yudi Darlan, Anne Müller and Rubiyanto Kapid -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Material and Methods -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Micropaleontological data -- 3.1.1. Ostracods -- 3.1.2. Nannoplankton -- 3.2. Sedimentological data -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Upper Ocean Variability in the Bay of Bengal During 2006 IOD P. Swapna, N. Bahulayan and N. A. Diansky -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Datasets and Ocean Model -- 2.1. Datasets -- 2.2. Details of OGCM -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Climatological mean circulation -- 3.2. Upper ocean variability during IOD 2006 -- 3.3. Forcing mechanism -- 4. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Process-Oriented Study of the River Plume and Circulation in the Pearl River Estuary: Response to the Wind and Tidal Forcing Tingting Zu and Jianping Gan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model Implementation -- 3. Model Results -- 3.1. River-forced buoyant plume and estuarine circulation (case 1) -- 3.2. Effects of tidal forcing (case 2) -- 3.3. Wind effects (cases 3 and 4) -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary.

Acknowledgments -- References -- Identification of Spatial Variability and Eddies in the Circulation of the South China Sea Jianping Gan and Ho San Ho -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods and Data -- 2.1. Topological description -- 2.2. Geometry of J(u,v) (or Q method) -- 2.3. Index and sector -- 3. Applications -- 3.1. Data -- 3.2. Seasonal J(u,v) -- 3.3. Eddy center identification -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgment -- Appendix A. Three-Dimensional Local Linearized Di.erential Equation Streamline Solution -- Appendix B. Two-Dimensional Local Linearized Di.erential Equation Streamline Solution -- References.