CONTENTS -- Editors -- Reviewers -- ULF Waves: Exploring the Earth's Magnetosphere B. J. Fraser -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wave Equations -- 3. Modes of Propagation -- 4. Hydromagnetic Waves in a General Axisymmetric Dipole Field Geometry -- 5. ULF Wave Propagation and Resonance -- 5.1. Standing Alfvén wave propagation in a realistic magnetosphere -- 5.2. Cavity waveguide modes -- 6. Drift and Bounce Resonance -- 7. Mode Coupling in the Magnetosphere -- 8. Energy Sources -- 8.1. Transfer of ULF wave power into the magnetosphere -- 8.2. Energy sources for Pc3 ULF waves -- 9. ULF Wave Propagation Through the Ionosphere -- 10. Heavy Ion Effects on Field Line Resonance -- 11. Remote Sensing the Magnetosphere Using Ground-Based Observations of ULF Waves -- 12. Summary -- References -- New Sunrise of Solar Physics Galvanized by the Hinode Mission Tetsuya Watanabe and Hinode Science Team -- 1. Introduction -- Successful Launch of Hinode -- 2. Instrumentation -- 2.1. Solar optical telescope (SOT) -- 2.2. X-ray telescope (XRT) -- 2.3. EUV imaging spectrometer (EIS) -- 3. Brief Summary of Initial Results -- 3.1. Telescope performance -- 3.2. New discoveries by the Hinode mission -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Role of Reconnection in the CME/Flare Process B. Vrˇsnak -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Observational Evidences of Reconnection -- 3. 3D Flux-Rope Model without Reconnection -- 4. 3D Flux-Rope Model with Reconnection -- 5. Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Small-Scale Interplanetary Magnetic Flux Ropes and Micro-CMEs D. J. Wu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Energy Spectrum of IMFRs -- 3. Micro-CMEs -- 4. Discussion and Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Reconnection in Flares and CMEs G. Poletto -- 1. Origin of Explosive Events: The Birth of Ideas -- 2. Reconnection Signatures.

3. Signatures of Reconnection in Flares -- 4. Signatures of Reconnection in CMEs -- 5. Physical Parameters of Reconnection -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Thickness and Electrical Resistivity of the Current Sheets in Solar Eruptions Jun Lin -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Properties of the Current Sheets Undergoing Tearing -- 3. Observations and Results -- 3.1. The 8-10 January 2002 event -- 3.2. The 18-19 November 2003 event -- 3.3. The 23 March 1998 event -- 4. Electrical Resistivity of the Reconnecting Current Sheets -- 5. Discussions and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Dynamics of Beam-Plasma Instability and Langmuir Wave Decay in Two-Dimensions L. F. Ziebell, R. Gaelzer and P. H. Yoon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Formulation and Numerical Setup -- 3. Numerical Results and Analysis -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Superthermal Electron Distributions in the Solar Wind Environment R. Gaelzer, P. H. Yoon, L. F. Ziebell and A. F. Vi˜nas -- 1. Introduction -- 2. WIND/SWE-VEIS Electron Observations -- 3. Theory and Results -- 3.1. Asymmetric tail -- 3.2. Symmetric tail -- 4. Conclusions and Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Solar Radio Burst Fine Structures in 1-7.6GHz Ranges Yihua Yan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Solar Radio Bursts -- 2.1. Microwave type III bursts -- 2.2. Microwave U-, N-, and M-shaped bursts -- 2.3. Microwave zebras and fibers, with super-FSs -- 2.4. Microwave spikes, with absorptive and drifting features -- 2.5. Pulsations and drifting pulsation structures -- 3. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Start Frequencies and Onset Positions of Type II Radio Bursts in Solar Eruptions Jun Lin -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Difficulties in Producing Blast Waves in Flare Regions -- 3. Onset of Type II Radio Burst by CME-Driven Shocks -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments.

References -- Radio Bursts in dm-cm Wavelength Range During Flare/CME Events Yihua Yan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Radio Bursts Associated with Flare/CME Processes -- 2.1. Statistic studies -- 2.2. Case studies -- 2.2.1. The 1 December 2004 event -- 2.2.2. The 13 December 2006 event -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Coronal Mass Ejection Reconstructions from Interplanetary Scintillation Data Using a Kinematic Model: A Brief Review M. M. Bisi, B. V. Jackson, P. P. Hick, A. Bu.ngton and J. M. Clover -- 1. Introduction -- 2. 3D Reconstructions: Comparison at Mars -- 3. 13 May 2005 Flare-Associated CME -- 4. Early-November 2004 Geoe.ective CME-Events -- 5. Preliminary Ooty-STELab 3D Density Reconstruction-Comparisons -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Spectrum of Density Fluctuations in the Solar Wind V. Krishan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spectra of Density Fluctuations in Alfvénic Turbulence -- 3. Spectra of Density Fluctuations in Hall-MHD -- 4. Generalized Helicity and Spectral Distributions in HMHD -- 5. Spectral Distribution of Density Fluctuations in HMHD -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Electric and Magnetic Field Variations at Low and Equatorial Latitudes During SC, DP2, and Pi2 Events K. Yumoto, A. Ikeda, M. Shinohara, T. Uozumi, K. Nozaki, S. Watari, K. Kitamura, V. V. Bychkov and M. Shevtsov -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Magnetic and Electric Field Data Set -- 3. Data Analyses of SC, DP2, and Pi 2 Events -- 3.1. Ionospheric electric fields and ground magnetic fields during SC events -- 3.2. DP2 ionospheric electric field and global magnetic field variations -- 3.3. Equatorial Pi 2 magnetic pulsations and ionospheric Pi 2 electric field -- 4. Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Nontypical Pc5 Pulsations in the October 2003 Superstorm Recovery Phase Natalia Kleimenova and Olga Kozyreva -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 2.1. ULF geomagnetic pulsations in the storm recovery phase -- 2.2. ULF geomagnetic pulsations spectra and LAT-MLT plots -- 2.3. Solar wind and IMF data -- 3. Discussion and Conclusion -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Polarization Properties of the Ultra-Low Frequency Waves in Non-Axisymmetric Background Magnetic Fields K. Kabin, R. Rankin, I. R. Mann, A. W. Degeling and S. R. Elkington -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model Description -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- S-M-I Coupling During the Super Storm on 20-21 November 2003 T. Nagatsuma, K. T. Asai, R. Kataoka, T. Hori and Y. Miyoshi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Super Storm Event on 20-21 November 2003 -- 2.1. Estimation of cross-polar cap potential -- 2.2. Estimation of the injection rate for the ring current development -- 2.3. Results and discussion -- 3. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Low-Latitude E-Region Quasi-Periodic Echoes Studied Using Long-Term Radar Observations Over Gadanki N. Venkateswara Rao, A. K. Patra and S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Brief Description About Experiment -- 3. Observational Results -- 3.1. QP structures with di.erent periods -- 3.2. Multiple echoing region with similar periodic structures -- 3.3. Long duration of QP echoes in descending echoing region -- 3.4. Occurrence statistics -- 4. Summary and Discussion -- 4.1. Morphology and occurrence statistics -- 4.2. Physical processes responsible for QP echo formation -- 4.3. Unresolved issues and conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Mirror Modes Observed with Cluster in the Earth's Magnetosheath: Statistical Study and IMF/Solar Wind Dependence V. Génot, E. Budnik, C. Jacquey, I. Dandouras and E. Lucek -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 2.1. Magnetosheath identi.cation -- 2.2. Fractional distance in the magnetosheath -- 3. Mirror Mode Characterization -- 3.1. Identification of mirror-like structures -- 3.2. Mirror condition -- 4. Cluster Statistics and Comparison with ISEE-1 Data -- 4.1. Occurrence frequency -- 4.2. Amplitude distribution -- 4.3. Growth rate -- 4.4. Discussion: Differences between ISEE-1 and Cluster data sets -- 5. Relation with Solar Wind Parameters and IMF Orientation -- 5.1. MA dependence -- 5.2. IMF orientation -- 6. Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10Be Concentrations in Snow at Law Dome, Antarctica Following the 29 October 2003 and 20 January 2005 Solar Cosmic Ray Events J. B. Pedro, A. M. Smith, M. L. Duldig, A. R. Klekociuk, K. J. Simon, M. A. J. Curran, T. D. van Ommen, D. A. Fink, V. I. Morgan and B. K. Galton-Fenzi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Sample site and characteristics -- 2.2. Sample collection -- 2.3. Sample preparation and measurement -- 2.4. Sample dating -- 3. Results -- 3.1. 10Be concentration and variability in the DSS0506 snow pit -- 3.2. 10Be concentration and monthly mean cosmic ray flux -- 3.3. 10Be concentration and solar cosmic ray events -- 3.3.1. 29 Oct 2003 SCR events -- 3.3.2. 20 Jan 2005 SCR event -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Atmospheric transport and deposition of SCR-produced 10Be -- 4.2. Dispersion modeling of stratospheric aerosol pathways -- 4.3. Empirical data on arrival of stratospheric aerosols to polar regions -- 4.4. Deposition processes -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Atmospheric Chemistry Effects of the 20 January 2005 Solar Proton Event A. R. Klekociuk, D. J. Bombardieri, M. L. Duldig and K. J. Michael.