Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Oncogenic Viruses, Cellular Transformation and Human Cancers Yanyan Zheng and Jing-hsiung James Ou -- 1. Introduction and Historical Aspects -- 2. Human Oncogenic Viruses -- 2.1. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) -- 2.2. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) -- 2.3. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) -- 2.4. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) -- 2.5. Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) -- 2.6. Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1) -- 3. Mechanisms of Virus-induced Cellular Transformation -- 3.1. Perturbation of Signaling Pathways -- 3.1.1. Mimicking the signaling ligands -- 3.1.2. Mimicking the cellular signaling receptors -- 3.1.3. Mimicking the intracellular signaling adaptors -- 3.1.4. Activation of cell surface receptors -- 3.2. Deregulation of the Cell Cycle -- 3.2.1. Abrogation of the RB function -- 3.2.2. Enhancement of CDK activities -- 3.2.3. Targeting of cyclin -- 3.3. Escape of Apoptosis -- 3.3.1. Inactivation of the "gatekeeper" p53 -- 3.3.2. Expression of viral version of Bcl-2 (vBcl-2) -- 3.4. Immortalization of Cells -- 3.5. Induction of Genetic Instability -- 3.6. Insertional Mutagenesis -- 3.7. Induction of Chronic Inflammation -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis T. S. Benedict Yen -- 1. Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- 2. Biology and Epidemiology of HBV -- 3. HBV Virology -- 4. Prevention and Treatment of HBV -- 5. Mechanisms of HBV Carcinogenesis -- 5.1. Overview -- 5.2. HBV-specific Factors -- 5.2.1. X protein -- 5.2.1.1. Function of X protein in the HBV life cycle -- 5.2.1.2. Effect of X protein on transcription -- 5.2.1.3. Effect of X protein on viral replication -- 5.2.1.4. X protein and DDB1 -- 5.2.1.5. X-protein carcinogenesis -- 5.2.2. Other viral proteins potentially involved in carcinogenesis -- 5.2.2.1. Truncated MSP.

5.2.2.2. preS2 mutants -- 5.2.2.3. Core gene mutants -- 5.2.3. Insertional mutagenesis -- 5.3. Role of Liver Injury and Inflammation -- 5.4. Dietary Carcinogens -- 5.5. Other Aspects of HBV Oncogenesis -- 5.5.1. Role of genotypes -- 5.5.2. Role of sex hormones -- 6. Summary -- Note -- References -- Chapter 3 Molecular Mechanism of Hepatitis C Virus Carcinogenesis Keigo Machida, Jing-hsiung James Ou and Michael M. C. Lai -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Molecular Carcinogenesis of HCV -- 2.1. Induction of Mutator Phenotype -- 2.2. Chromosome Translocation -- 2.3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- 2.4. Nitric Oxide -- 2.5. Inhibition of DNA Damage Repair -- 2.6. Oncogenic Activities of the HCV Core Protein -- 2.6.1. TNF-α -- 2.6.2. MAPK and AP-1 -- 2.6.3. NF-κB -- 2.6.4. Oxidative stress -- 2.6.5. Insulin resistance -- 2.6.6. PPARα -- 2.6.7. Proteasome activator PA28γ -- 2.6.8. SOCS-1 -- 2.6.9. p53 -- 2.7. Oncogenic Activities of the HCV NS5A Protein -- 3. Other Causative Factors in HCV-associated HCC -- 3.1. Chronic Liver Inflammation -- 3.2. Alcohol -- 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and HCV Pathogenesis -- 5. Gene Expression Profile of HCC -- 6. HCV and Lymphomagenesis -- 6.1. Induction of IgHypermutation by HCV -- 6.2. Induction of DNA Translocation between IgGenes and Proto-Oncogenes by HCV -- 6.3. Dual Signaling Model for HCV-induced Mutagenesis in B Cells -- 6.4. HCV and Non-Hodgkin's B-cell Lymphomas -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Human Papillomaviruses and Associated Malignancies Christine L. Nguyen, Margaret E. McLaughlin-Drubin and Karl Münger -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Viral Life Cycle -- 2.1. Viral Genome -- 2.2. Infection -- 2.3. Productive Viral Infection -- 3. Clinical Disease -- 3.1. Prevalence -- 3.2. Pathology -- 3.2.1. Papillomas -- 3.2.2. Cervical cancer -- 3.2.3. Other HPV-associated carcinomas.

4. Detection, Treatment, and Prevention -- 4.1. Screening and Detection -- 4.2. Diagnosis and Treatment -- 4.3. Prevention and Vaccines -- 5. Carcinogenic Progression and Viral Oncoproteins -- 5.1. Carcinogenic Progression -- 5.2. Viral Oncoproteins -- 5.2.1. HPV E5 -- 5.2.2. HPV E6 -- 5.2.3. HPV E7 -- 6. Genomic Instability in HPV-Associated Cancers -- 6.1. Deregulation of the Cell Cycle in HPV-Associated Cancers -- 6.1.1. The cell cycle -- 6.1.2. Deregulation of the G1/S transition -- 6.1.3. Deregulation of S-phase -- 6.1.4. Deregulation of the G2/M transition -- 6.2. Centrosomal Defects in HPV-Associated Cancers -- 6.2.1. The centrosome and the centrosome duplication cycle -- 6.2.2. The establishment of supernumerary centrosomes -- 6.2.3. Centrosomal errors induced by HPV oncoproteins -- 6.2.4. Structural centrosome abnormalities in HPV-associated cancers -- 6.3. Mitotic Errors in HPV-Associated Cancers -- 6.3.1. Mitosis -- 6.3.2. Spindle pole formation and chromosome alignment -- 6.3.3. Defects in the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint in HPV-associated cancers -- 6.3.4. Abrogation of the postmitotic checkpoint by HPV oncoproteins - induction of polyploidy -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5 Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Oncogenesis Hsin-Pai Li, Mei Chao, Shu-Jen Chen and Yu-Sun Chang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. EBNA1 -- 2.1. Differential Promoter Selection of EBNA1 Transcripts -- 2.2. EBNA1 Protein Domains and Related Functions -- 2.3 . EBNA1 Subtypes -- 2.4. Posttranslational Modifications of EBNA1 -- 2.5. EBNA1-Interacting Cellular Proteins -- 3. EBNA2, EBNA3A, EBNA3B, EBNA3C, and EBNA-LP -- 3.1 . EBNA2 -- 3.2. EBNA3A, EBNA3B, and EBNA3C -- 3.3. EBNA-LP -- 4. LMP1 and Its Variants -- 4.1. LMP1 -- 4.2. LMP1 Variants -- 4.3. LMP1-Mediated Signaling Pathways -- 4.3.1. NF-κB -- 4.3.2. p38/MAPK -- 4.3.3. JNK -- 4.3.4. JAK3 -- 4.3.5. PI3K.

4.4. LMP1 and DNA Methylation -- 5. LMP2A and LMP2B -- 6. EBERs -- 7. EBV-Encoded miRNA -- 7.1. Identification of EBV-encoded miRNAs -- 7.2. Expression of EBV-encoded miRNAs -- 7.3. Regulation of EBV miRNA Expression -- 7.4. Functions of EBV miRNAs -- 8. Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Human Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus: Molecular Biology and Oncogenesis Patrick J. Dillon and Blossom Damania -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Clinical Disease -- 3. KSHV Genome -- 4. Life Cycle -- 4.1. Latency -- 4.2. Reactivation and Lytic Replication -- 5. Viral Proteins Involved in Signal Transduction -- 5.1. K1 -- 5.2. vGPCR -- 5.3. vIL-6 -- 5.4. K15 -- 5.5. vFLIP -- 5.6. LANA -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus 1 and Cellular Transformation Ya-Hui Chi and Kuan-Teh Jeang -- 1. The Discovery of HTLV-1 -- 1.1. Structure of HTLV-1 Genome -- 1.2. HTLV-1-associated Diseases -- 1.3. HTLV-1 Infectivity and Latency -- 2. Pleiotropic Functions of the HTLV-1 Oncoprotein Tax -- 2.1. Tax Transgenic Mouse Models -- 2.2. Tax and DNA Structural Damage -- 2.3. Tax and Cell Survival -- 2.4. Tax and Cell Cycle Progression -- 2.5. Tax and Mitosis -- 3. Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Index.