Justice and Law -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Prologue -- 1. Main Doctrinal Theories -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Justice in the Bible -- 3 Plato's The Republic -- 4 Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics -- 5 Justice in Islamic Law -- 6 Saint Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica -- 7 Confucius in China -- 8 The Conquest of America -- 9 Machiavelli: "The end justifies the means" -- 10 Jürgen Habermas' Theory of Diskursethik -- 10.1 Content of the Theory of Diskursethik -- 10.2 The Concept of Justice in Habermas -- 11 John Rawls' Justice as Fairness -- 12 Ronald Dworkin's Taking Rights Seriously -- 13 Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia -- 14 Justice as "Efficiency" -- 14.1 Richard A. Posner -- 14.2 Differences among the Concepts of Effectiveness, Effectivity, and Efficiency -- 15 Justice and "Desert" -- 15.1 Precedents -- 15.2 Wojciech Sadurski -- 16 Marx's Justice as a "Critique" -- 16.1 General Considerations -- 16.2 Internal and External Critique -- 16.3 Distributive Justice, According to Need -- 17 Alasdair MacIntyre -- 18 "Feminist" Justice -- 18.1 Carol Gilligan -- 18.2 Iris Marion Young -- 18.3 Affirmative Action -- 2 Main Contents -- 1 Justice and Punishment -- 1.1 Retributive Justice -- a Corrective and Equitable Justice: Reparations -- b Retributive Justice: Why Should the Offender Be Punished? -- 1.2 Towards a Private Criminal Law -- 1.2.1 Historical Perspective -- 1.2.2 Comparative Law -- 1.2.3 Restitutive Justice -- 1.3 Criminal Reparations. Towards a Conciliatory System -- 1.4 A World without Punishment? -- 1.5 Active Participation in Conflict -- 1.6 Resocialization of Society and not Desocialization of the Offender -- 1.7 Sublimation of Criminal Law -- 1.8 Facing a Complex and Interdisciplinary Problem -- 1.9 Punishment of the Innocent as a Form of Victimization.

1.10 Repentance, Divine Punishment, Self-punishment, and Private Vengeance -- 1.11 Demerit as a Justification for Punishment. Desert and Rewards -- 1.12 Collective Punishment -- 1.13 Dead's Punishment -- 1.14 Punishment in Effigy -- 1.15 Punishment of Animals -- 1.16 Punishment of Lifeless Things -- 1.17 Punishment to a name -- 1.18 Arguments for and against Capital Punishment -- 1.19 Arguments for and against Prison -- 1.20 Some Proposals to Improve Criminal Law -- 2 Justice and Civil Disobedience -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Iusnaturalism -- 2.3 Moral Relativism -- 2.4 Utilitarianism -- 3 Conflict of Duties -- 4 May the Judge Conscientiously Object in the Case of an Unjust Law? -- 5 Just War -- 5.1 General Considerations about Just War -- 5.2 Was the War in Iraq a Just War? -- 5.3 Evolution of the Concept of Just War after September Terrorist Attacks -- 6 Justice, Tolerance, and Open Society -- 7 Justice and Religion -- 8 Justice and Equity -- 9 Justice and Legal Security -- 10 Justice and Equality -- 11 Justice and Liberty -- 12 Justice and Happiness -- 13 Some Bioethical Questions -- 14 Social Justice -- 15 Global Justice -- 16 Procedural Justice -- 17 Justice and Social Contract -- 17.1 General Considerations Regarding Social Contract Theory -- 17.2 The Main Exempla of Contractualism -- 17.2.1 Contractualist Precedents -- a The Theocratic Idea in the Biblical Pact -- b Manegold von Lautenbach's Conception -- 17.2.2 Classical Contractualism -- a Thomas Hobbes' Absolutist and Vertical Theory -- b John Locke's Liberal and Horizontal Theory -- c The North American Community. Thomas Jefferson and the Pursuit of Happiness -- d Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Democratic Theory of the General Will -- 17.3 Neocontractualism -- 17.4 The Critique of Contractualism -- Bibliography -- Index.