Table of Contents -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: Basic Classical Conditioning -- 1: Principles of Pavlovian Conditioning: Description, Content, Function -- Overview -- Hull's Choices -- Contingency -- Relative Contingency: Cue Competition Phenomena -- Conditional Contingency -- Time -- From Prediction to Performance -- Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2: Building a Theory of Pavlovian Conditioning From the Inside Out -- Conclusions -- References -- 3: A Contemporary Behavioral Perspective on Extinction -- Mechanisms of Extinction -- Context and Relapse Effects after Extinction -- Preventing Lapse and Relapse after Extinction -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4: Prologue to "Habituation: A History" -- References -- Habituation: A History -- Introduction -- Dedication -- Note -- References -- Part II: Applied Classical Conditioning -- 5: Conditioned Taste Aversion Learning: Relationship to Nausea and Conditioned Disgust -- The Garcia Effect -- Nature of the US: Nausea? -- Nature of the CR: Not all CTA is Accompanied by Conditioned Disgust -- Neurobiological Manipulation of Nausea: Effect on Conditioned Disgust and CTA -- Nature of the CS: Contextually Elicited Conditioned Disgust Reactions-A Model of Anticipatory Nausea -- Conditioned Taste Aversion Learning as a Preclinical Model of Nausea -- References -- 6: Pavlovian Fear Conditioning: Function, Cause, and Treatment -- Fear Conditioning Basics -- Relevance to Anxiety Disorders: More than a Model -- Laboratory Measures of Conditional Fear -- CS-US Relationships that Promote Cued and Contextual Fear Conditioning -- Biological Mechanisms of Fear Learning -- The Dynamic Origins of Memory Systems (DOMS) -- Translational Significance -- Conclusions -- References.

7: Behavioral Conditioning of Immune Responses: An Overview and Consideration of Clinical Applications -- Introduction -- Overview of the Immune System -- Conditioning of the Immune System -- Conditioned Immunopharmacologic Effects and Stress -- The Use of Antigen as a UCS -- Therapeutic Effects of Behaviorally Conditioned Immunomodulation -- Conclusion -- Dedication -- References -- Part III: Basic Operant Conditioning -- 8: Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning -- A Brief History -- Conceptual Foundations of Behavior Analysis -- Reinforcement and Punishment -- Shaping -- Schedules of Reinforcement -- Variables Influencing Reinforcer Effectiveness -- Extinction -- Stimulus Control -- Chaining and Conditioned Reinforcement -- Social Learning -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 9: Choice -- Introduction -- Concurrent Schedules -- Concurrent-Chain Schedules -- Discrete-trial and Other Choice Procedures -- Conclusions -- References -- 10: Conditioned Reinforcement -- Introduction -- Defining Characteristics of Conditioned Reinforcement -- Studying Conditioned Reinforcement -- Determinants of Conditioned Value -- Alternative Views: Challenges to Conditioned Reinforcement -- Applications of Conditioned Reinforcement -- Future Directions -- Summary -- Author Note -- Notes -- References -- Additional Reading -- 11: Behavioral Momentum and Resistance to Change -- Behavioral Momentum Theory: An Overview -- Challenges to Behavioral Momentum Theory -- Extensions of Behavioral Momentum Theory -- Separating Baseline Accuracy and Resistance to Change -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12: Behavioral Economics and the Analysis of Consumption and Choice -- Value of Reinforcers -- Factors That Alter Demand and Choice -- The Behavioral Economics of Addiction and Treatment -- From Science to Public Policy -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References.

13: Delay and Probability Discounting -- The Discounting Framework -- Discounting of Delayed Rewards -- Discounting of Probabilistic Rewards -- Comparison of Delay and Probability Discounting -- Why is There a Magnitude Effect? -- Delayed and Probabilistic Losses -- Discounting in Nonhuman Animals -- Impulsivity or Impulsivities? -- Future Directions -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14: Characteristics, Theories, and Implications of Dynamic Changes in Reinforcer Effectiveness -- Empirical Characteristics -- Quantitative Descriptions -- Potential Theoretical Explanations -- Implications for Conditioning -- Implications Beyond Conditioning -- Summary -- References -- 15: Verbal Behavior -- Definition of Verbal Behavior -- The Physical Substrate of Vocal Behavior -- Analytical Units of Verbal Behavior -- The Structural Complexity of Verbal Behavior: The Puzzle of Lawful Novelty -- The Additivity of Stimulus Control -- Automatic Shaping -- Conclusion -- References -- 16: Animal Cognition -- Timing -- Numerical Estimation -- Spatial Cognition -- How Are Locations in Space Encoded? -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 17: Instrumental and Classical Conditioning: Intersections, Interactions and Stimulus Control -- Two-Process Learning Theory -- The Instrumentally-Derived Appetitive Incentive-Motivational Function -- The Instrumentally-Derived Aversive Incentive-Motivational Function -- Transfer-of-Control Research: Overview and Discussion -- The Discriminative-Response Function -- Responsive-Discriminative-by-Incentive-Motivational-Process Combination Matrix -- Environmentally Induced Increases in Drug Seeking: An Animal Learning Model of Drug Abuse and Loss of Control -- Extending Discriminative-Response/Incentive-Motivational Combination Model to Stimulus-Generalization Peak Shift.

Incentive Processes and a Biological-Constraint-on-Learning: Selective Associations -- Reconciling Different Test Outcomes by Behaviorally Indistinguishable Groups: A Composite-Stimulus Control Analysis -- Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part IV: Applied Operant Conditioning -- 18: Modern Animal Training: A Transformative Technology -- Introduction -- Conventional Animal Training -- The Development of Modern Training -- Domestic Animals and the General Public -- Tools and Procedures -- TAGteach: An Application for People -- The Question of Awareness -- Looking Forward -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 19: Autism and Behavior Analysis: History and Current Status -- Antecedents to Applied Behavior Analytic Approach to Autism -- Jean Marc Gaspard Itard's Proto-behavioral Treatment of Victor -- Leo Kanner's First Clinical Description of Autism -- What is Autism? -- Early Behavioral Treatment of Autism -- Løvaas's 1987 Landmark Study -- Growth of Autism Research -- Comprehensive Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention -- Outcome of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention -- Developing More Advanced Skills -- Challenging Behavior in Autism Revisited -- Early Behavioral Intervention and Brain Development -- Why "Cure" and "Recovery" Are Misnomers -- Prognosis -- Note -- References -- 20: Parenting -- Child Behavior and Development -- Relationship Between Parent and Child Behavior -- Functional Analysis Technology -- Parent-Training Programs -- Barriers to Successful Parent Training -- Conclusion -- References -- 21: Behavior Analysis in Education -- Foundations in Basic and Applied Science -- Foundational Behavioral Units -- Behavioral Systems and Models -- Superior Instruction by Design -- Evidence of Effectiveness -- Translating Research into Practice -- Behavior Analysis' Impact in Education.

A Science of Implementation -- A Nonlinear Systems Approach -- Behavioral Education in the Digital Age -- Note -- References -- 22: Operant Conditioning in Developmental Disabilities -- Operant Conditioning to Reduce Behavioral Excesses -- Operant Conditioning to Improve Skill Deficiencies -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 23: Precision Teaching: The Legacy of Ogden Lindsley -- What Is Precision Teaching? -- The Standard Celeration Chart -- Outcomes of Fluent Performance -- Celeration and Agility -- Quantitative Analyses with Chart Data -- Current Practice Procedures -- Who Has Used PT? -- A Brief History of the Development of Precision Teaching -- PT's Relation to Instructivist Educational Philosophy -- Research Supporting Precision Teaching and Remaining Questions -- Where to Learn More -- Afterword -- Acknowledgment -- Notes -- References -- 24: Behavioral Pharmacology: A Brief Overview -- Historical Underpinnings of Behavioral Pharmacology -- Law of Effect -- Pavlovian Conditioning -- Operant Psychology of B. F. Skinner -- Development of Antipsychotic Drugs -- Modern Behavioral Pharmacology -- What Do Behavioral Pharmacologists Do? -- Transitivity of Behavioral Observations -- Clinical Application -- Conclusion -- References -- 25: Contingency Management Treatments for Substance-Use Disorders and Healthy Behaviors -- Historical Background of Contingency Management -- Voucher-Based Contingency Management -- Prize-Based Contingency Management -- Fundamental Elements and Parameters of CM -- Applying CM Toward the Modification of Other Behaviors -- Conclusion -- References -- 26: Organizational Behavior Management: Past, Present, and Future -- Overview of Chapter -- An Annotated History of OBM and its Historical Roots -- OBM Practices and Research -- OBM and Human Resources Management -- Behavior Systems Management -- Note -- References.

27: Clinical Behavior Analysis.