Chemical Biology in Regenerative Medicine -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Wnt Signaling in Regulation of Stem Cells -- 1.1 Overview of Wnt Signaling -- 1.2 Wnt Signaling in Embryonic Stem Cells -- 1.3 Wnt Signaling in Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells and Cardiomyocyte Differentiation -- 1.4 Wnt Signaling in Mesenchymal Stem Cells -- 1.5 Wnt Signaling in Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- 1.6 Wnt Signaling in Neural Stem Cells -- 1.7 Wnt Signaling in Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition -- 1.8 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Directed Cardiomyogenesis of Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Brief Review of Heart Development -- 2.2.1 Cellular and Morphological Movements -- 2.2.2 Molecular Events in Heart Development -- 2.2.2.1 Molecular Events of Mesoderm Derivation -- 2.2.2.2 Transcription Factors in Cardiac Development -- 2.2.2.3 Major Developmental Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Development -- 2.3 Introduction to Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 2.3.1 Unique Features of Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 2.3.2 Pluripotent Stem Cell Sources -- 2.3.3 Maintaining Pluripotency -- 2.4 Cardiomyocyte Differentiation -- 2.4.1 Inducing Differentiation -- 2.4.2 Directed Cardiomyogenesis -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Chemical Genetics in Cardiomyocyte Generation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 iPSC Generation -- 3.3 The Chemical Genetics Approach in iPSC Generation -- 3.4 Heart Regeneration -- 3.5 The Chemical Genetics Approach in Heart Regeneration -- 3.6 Cardiac Cell Transdifferentiation -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Challenges and New Directions for Cardiac Reprogramming -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Strategies for Heart Repair -- 4.3 Direct Reprogramming Approaches -- 4.4 Current Challenges -- 4.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Comparative Analysis of Adult Stem Cell Niches.

5.1 Adult Stem Cells -- 5.2 Adult Stem Cell Niches -- 5.3 The Hair Follicle Stem Cell (HFSC) Niche -- 5.4 The Intestinal Stem Cell (ISC) Niche -- 5.5 The Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Niche -- 5.5.1 Endosteal Niche -- 5.5.2 Vascular Niche -- 5.5.3 Progeny "Niche" -- 5.6 The Neural Stem Cell (NSC) Niche -- 5.6.1 V-SVZ Niche -- 5.6.2 SGZ Niche -- 5.7 A Comparison between Tissue-Specific Adult Stem Cell Niches -- 5.8 Future Challenges -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Chemicals and Stem Cells in the Promotion of Regeneration -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Biologics in Regenerative Medicine -- 6.2.1 Growth Factors and Pro-Angiogenic Agents -- 6.2.2 Immune-Modulatory Therapies -- 6.2.3 Extracellular Matrix-Based Approaches -- 6.3 Chemicals and Biomaterials for Healing -- 6.3.1 Small Molecules -- 6.3.2 Biomaterial Scaffold and Sustained Delivery -- 6.4 Stem-Cell Therapy -- 6.4.1 Chemical Manipulation of Stem Cells in Regeneration -- 6.4.2 Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) -- 6.4.2.1 Small Molecules for the Culture and Maintenance of ESCs -- 6.4.2.2 Small Molecules for ESC Differentiation -- 6.4.3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) -- 6.4.3.1 Generation of iPSCs -- 6.4.3.2 Small Molecules that Affect iPSC Epigenomes -- 6.4.3.3 Small Molecules that Affect iPSC Signaling Pathways -- 6.4.4 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) -- 6.4.4.1 Properties of MSCs -- 6.4.4.2 Small Molecules that affect MSC Differentiation -- 6.4.4.3 Biopolymers that affect MSC Biology -- 6.4.5 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Chemically Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (CiPSCs): A Potential Chemical Biological Breakthrough in Reprogramming? -- 7.1 Searching for the "Perfect" Platform -- 7.2 Defining the Advantages of Small Molecules in Reprogramming -- 7.3 Understanding the Disadvantages of Using Small Molecules -- 7.4 Breakthrough: The CiPSC Paradigm.

7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 An Introduction to Cellular Reprogramming: The Plasticity of Cell Fates and Identities -- 8.1 Defining Cell Potency -- 8.2 Types of Pluripotent Cell -- 8.2.1 Isolated Cell Types -- 8.2.1.1 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells -- 8.2.1.2 Embryonic Stem Cells -- 8.2.1.3 Embryonic Germ Cells -- 8.2.2 Reprogrammed Cell Types -- 8.2.2.1 Cell-Fusion Hybrids -- 8.2.2.2 Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Cells -- 8.2.2.3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 8.3 Defining Pluripotency -- 8.4 The Molecular Basis of Pluripotency -- 8.5 Cellular Reprogramming: Altering the Epigenetic State -- 8.6 Cellular Reprogramming: Primary Regulatory Pathways -- 8.6.1 Temporal and Stoichiometric Considerations -- 8.6.2 Target Cell Type -- 8.7 Reprogramming Methods -- 8.7.1 Viral-Driven -- 8.7.2 Nucleic Acid/Episomal-Driven -- 8.7.3 mRNA-Driven -- 8.7.4 miRNA-Driven -- 8.7.5 Protein-Driven -- 8.7.6 External Factors/Enhancers -- 8.7.7 Direct Reprogramming -- 8.8 Applications and Future Trends -- 8.8.1 Moving Toward Clinical Applications for Cellular Reprogramming -- 8.8.2 The Merging of Stem Cells and New Methods of Genetic Engineering -- 8.8.3 Efficiency, Expense, and Safety -- 8.8.4 Developing Standards -- 8.9 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Chemicals Facilitating Reprogramming -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Chemicals Modulating Epigenetic Barriers -- 9.2.1 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors -- 9.2.2 Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitor and Demethylase Inhibitor -- 9.2.3 DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors -- 9.3 Chemicals Targeting Signaling Pathways -- 9.3.1 TGFb Signaling Inhibitors -- 9.3.2 Wnt Signaling and GSK3 Inhibitors -- 9.3.3 Other Kinase Inhibitors and Activators -- 9.3.4 Cell Senescence Alleviators -- 9.4 Chemicals Promoting Lineage Reprogramming -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References.

10 Chemicals Facilitating Reprogramming: Targeting the SAM Binding Site to Identify Novel Methyltransferase Inhibitors -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 DNA Methyltransferases, Inhibition, and Reprogramming -- 10.3 DNMT Inhibitors -- 10.4 Histone Methyltransferases, Inhibition, and Reprogramming -- 10.5 Inhibitors of Lysine Methyltransferases -- 10.6 Identification of DNMT1 Inhibitor Candidates Using Virtual Screening -- 10.6.1 Functional Screening Using a DNMT1 Activity Assay -- 10.7 Targeting the SAM Binding Site to Identify Novel HMT Inhibitors -- 10.7.1 SAM Competitive Assay -- 10.7.2 SAM Binding Site is Unique and Selective across Multiple Epigenetic Targets -- 10.8 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Biomaterials for Directed Differentiation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Natural Biomaterials -- 11.2.1 ECM-Derived Materials -- 11.2.1.1 Matrigel -- 11.2.1.2 Fibrin -- 11.2.1.3 Collagen -- 11.2.1.4 Laminin -- 11.2.2 Non-ECM-Derived Materials -- 11.2.2.1 Chitosan -- 11.3 Synthetic Biomaterials -- 11.3.1 Polyesters -- 11.3.1.1 Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly(Glycolic Acid) Copolymers -- 11.3.1.2 Poly( -Caprolactone) -- 11.3.2 Polyethylene Glycol -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Practicalities to Translation from the Clinic to the Market -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Commercialization Comparison with Small Molecules, Medical Devices, and Biologics -- 12.3 Historical Review and Case Studies -- 12.3.1 Dermagraft -- 12.3.2 Provenge -- 12.4 Commercialization Challenges and How to Overcome Them -- 12.5 Translation from the Bench to the Clinic: Key Considerations -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- EULA.