Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- About the Editors -- SECTION I: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY -- 1 General Microbiology -- Introduction -- Classification Schemes for Bacteria -- Bacterial Classification -- Bacterial Architecture -- Genetic Organization of Bacteria -- Bacterial Growth and Nutrition -- Introduction to Fundamental Concepts of Oral Microbial Ecology -- KEY POINTS -- 2 The Immune System and Host Defense -- Introduction -- Innate Immunity -- The Lymphoid System -- Antibodies: Specificities, Classes, and Functions -- Recognition of Antigen by Lymphocytes -- The Adaptive Immune System in Action -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 3 The Oral Environment -- Introduction -- General Features of the Oral Environment -- Physical and Host Parameters Affecting Oral Microbial Colonization -- The Oral Microbiota -- Recent Concepts of Dental Biofilm Formation -- Saliva and the Salivary Proteome -- Saliva-Microbe Interactions -- Clearance of Bacteria from the Oral Cavity: Agglutinins -- Pellicle Adhesion Receptors -- Antimicrobial Components in Saliva -- Antiviral Components in Saliva -- Saliva as a Source of Bacterial Nutrition -- Gingival Crevicular Fluid -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 4 Isolation, Classification, and Identification of Oral Microorganisms -- Introduction -- Diversity of the Oral Microbiota -- The Ribosomal 16S Gene and Bacterial Identification and Classification -- Sampling Oral Bacteria -- Identifying Oral Bacteria -- Naming of Bacteria and Molecular Analysis -- Direct Observation of Oral Bacteria -- Cultivation of Oral Bacteria -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 5 Oral Microbial Ecology -- Introduction -- Acquisition of Oral Bacteria -- Colonization by Oral Bacteria -- Gene Regulation -- Bacterial Communication -- Communication with Host Cells -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING.

6 Oral Microbial Physiology -- Overview -- Survey of Metabolic Activities Important to the Oral Bacterial Community -- Acid-Base Physiology of Oral Microorganisms -- Oxygen Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Adaptation -- Physiology of Oral Biofilms -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 7 Genetics and Molecular Biology of Oral Microorganisms -- Introduction -- Bacterial DNA Inheritance -- Molecular Manipulation and Analysis of Oral Microorganisms -- Transposon Mutagenesis -- Conclusions -- KEY POINTS -- 8 Applied Molecular Biology and the Oral Microbes -- Introduction -- Investigating Gene Expression: Genetic Approaches -- Investigating Gene Function -- Understanding Gene Regulation -- Genomics: Approaches and Challenges -- Transcriptomics and Proteomics -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 9 Population Genetics of Oral Bacteria -- Introduction -- Bacterial Species Show Different Patterns of Evolution -- Localized Sex in Bacteria -- Differences in Pathogenicity of Strains -- Specific Host Adaptation of Bacterial Clones -- Population Sizes of Pathogenic and Commensal Bacteria -- Oral Bacteria Show Varying Degrees of Genetic Diversity -- The Oral Microbiota Is a Dynamic Population Undergoing Constant Changes -- Virulence Differences within Species of Oral Bacteria? -- Methods of Strain Differentiation and Search for Virulent Clones -- Population Genetics Structure of Oral Bacteria -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 10 Immunology of the Oral Cavity -- Introduction -- Oral Secretory Immunity -- Subgingival Immunity and Inflammation -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- SECTION II: INFECTION-DRIVEN ORAL DISEASES -- 11 Dental Caries: General Concepts -- Overview -- Tooth Structure and Development -- Sites of Carious Lesions -- Early Childhood Caries -- Caries in Populations -- Bacterial Etiology of Dental Caries -- The Supragingival Oral Microbiome.

Root Caries -- Caries Risk Assessment -- Prevention of Dental Caries -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 12 Pathogenic Mechanisms in Dental Caries -- Background -- Colonization of the Oral Cavity by Mutans Streptococci -- Polysaccharide Production -- Acid Production -- Acid Tolerance and Stress Resistance -- Animal Models of Caries -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 13 Periodontal Diseases: General Concepts -- Introduction -- Current Classification of Periodontal Diseases -- Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases -- Microbial Etiology of Periodontal Diseases -- Prevention and Control of Periodontal Diseases -- Periodontal Diseases and General Health Outcomes -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 14 Virulence Factors of Periodontal Bacteria -- Introduction -- Colonization -- Toxins -- Proteolytic Enzymes -- Acquisition of Iron -- Surface-Associated Bioactive Components -- Resistance to Neutrophil Killing -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 15 Immunopathogenic Mechanisms in Periodontal Disease -- Introduction -- Disruption of Protective Innate Immunity -- Unresolved Inflammation in Periodontitis -- Role of Adaptive Immunity in Periodontitis -- Osteoimmunological Interactions in Periodontitis -- T-Cell Subsets in Periodontal Disease -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 16 Oral Virology -- Introduction -- The Viral Life Cycle -- Virus Taxonomy -- Oral Virology: The Viruses -- Viruses That Can Cause Pathologies in the Oral Cavity -- Viruses Present in the Oral Cavity -- Viral Immune Responses -- Antiviral Vaccines and Therapies -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 17 Fungi and Fungal Infections of the Oral Cavity -- Introduction -- Biology -- Pathogenesis -- Host Defenses against Fungal Infection -- Antifungal Therapy -- Clinical Conditions -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 18 Endodontic Microbiology -- Introduction -- History -- Sources of Infection.

Microbiology of Root Canal Infections -- Endodontic Treatment -- Microbiological Considerations for Obturation -- Antimicrobial Agents Used in Endodontics -- Summary -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 19 Systemic Disease and the Oral Microbiota -- Introduction -- Routes from Oral to Systemic Compartments -- The Potential of Commensal Bacteria To Behave as Pathogens -- Host Defenses -- Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Microbes -- Other Possible Associations between Oral Microbes and Systemic Disease -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- SECTION III: CONTROL OF ORAL DISEASES -- 20 Immunological Intervention against Oral Diseases -- Introduction and Historical Background -- The Mucosal Immune System from an Oral Perspective -- Mucosal Vaccination Routes and Adjuvants -- Rationale for Vaccination against Dental Caries -- Salivary Adhesins as Immunogens against Dental Caries -- Caries Immunization Using GTF and Glucan-Binding Proteins -- Targeting both Sucrose-Independent and Sucrose-Dependent Colonization -- Safety Considerations and Prospects for a Caries Vaccine -- Vaccine Development against Periodontal Disease -- Proof-of-Concept Immunization against Periodontal Pathogens in Rodent Models -- Immunization of Nonhuman Primates against Periodontal Disease -- Conclusions -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 21 Antibiotics and the Treatment of Infectious Diseases -- Antibiotics: a Class of Therapeutic Agent -- Antibiotic Resistance -- Antibiotic Resistance in the 21st Century -- Future Prospects -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- 22 Infection Control in Dentistry -- Introduction -- Introduction to Risk Control -- Cross-Infection Risks in Dentistry -- Practical Application of Infection Control Measures in General Dentistry -- KEY POINTS -- FURTHER READING -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q.

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