Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to Second Edition -- Preface to First Edition -- Chapter 1 Introduction: Definitions and Some History -- 1.1 Induced Resistance: An Established Phenomenon -- 1.2 Terminology and Types of Induced Resistance -- 1.2.1 Local and systemic induction of resistance -- 1.2.2 Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) -- 1.2.3 Protection -- 1.2.4 Cross protection -- 1.2.5 Priming -- 1.3 A Little History -- 1.3.1 Early reports -- 1.3.2 Developments leading towards today's state of knowledge -- 1.4 It's All About Interactions -- 1.5 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 Agents That Can Elicit Induced Resistance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Compounds Inducing Resistance -- 2.2.1 Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) -- 2.2.2 Adipic acid -- 2.2.3 Algal extracts -- 2.2.4 Alkamides -- 2.2.5 Allose -- 2.2.6 Antibiotics -- 2.2.7 Azelaic acid -- 2.2.8 DL-3-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) -- 2.2.9 Benzothiadiazole (BTH) and other synthetic resistance inducers -- 2.2.10 Bestcure® -- 2.2.11 Brassinolide -- 2.2.12 β-1,4 Cellodextrins -- 2.2.13 Chitin -- 2.2.14 Chitosan -- 2.2.15 Cholic acid -- 2.2.16 Curdlan sulfate -- 2.2.17 Dehydroabietinal -- 2.2.18 3,5-Dichloroanthranilic acid (DCA) -- 2.2.19 Dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) -- 2.2.20 Dimethyl disulfide -- 2.2.21 Dufulin -- 2.2.22 Ergosterol -- 2.2.23 Ethylene -- 2.2.24 Fatty acids and lipids -- 2.2.25 2-(2-Fluoro-6-nitrobenzylsulfanyl)pyridine-4-carbothioamide -- 2.2.26 Fructooligosaccharide -- 2.2.27 Fungicides -- 2.2.28 Galactinol -- 2.2.29 Grape marc -- 2.2.30 Glucans -- 2.2.31 Harpin -- 2.2.32 Hexanoic acid -- 2.2.33 Imprimatin -- 2.2.34 INF1 elicitin -- 2.2.35 Jasmonates and related compounds -- 2.2.36 Cis-jasmone -- 2.2.37 Laminarin -- 2.2.38 Lipids/fatty acids.

2.2.39 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -- 2.2.40 Nitric oxide -- 2.2.41 Oligo-carrageenans -- 2.2.42 Oligogalacturonides (OGAs) -- 2.2.43 Oligoglucuronans -- 2.2.44 Oxalate -- 2.2.45 Phosphite -- 2.2.46 Phytogard® -- 2.2.47 Pipecolic acid -- 2.2.48 Plant extracts -- 2.2.49 Probenazole (PBZ) -- 2.2.50 Proteins and peptides -- 2.2.51 Psicose -- 2.2.52 Rhamnolipids -- 2.2.53 Saccharin -- 2.2.54 Salicylic acid -- 2.2.55 Silicon -- 2.2.56 Spermine -- 2.2.57 Sphingolipids -- 2.2.58 Sulfated fucan oligosaccharides -- 2.2.59 Tiadinil -- 2.2.60 Vitamins -- 2.2.61 Volatile organic compounds -- 2.3 Redox Regulation -- 2.3.1 Factors affecting efficacy -- 2.4 Elicitor Combinations and Synergism -- 2.5 Assays -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Transcriptome Analysis of Induced Resistance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Impact of Arabidopsis thaliana on Induced Resistance -- 3.3 Techniques Used for Studying Gene Expression -- 3.3.1 EST sequencing -- 3.3.2 Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) -- 3.3.3 cDNA microarrays and DNA chips -- 3.3.4 Novel insights into induced resistance revealed through microarray analysis -- 3.3.5 Systems biology and network approaches using microarrays -- 3.3.6 Next-generation sequencing -- 3.4 How Sequencing Helps Crop Research -- 3.4.1 Converting knowledge from model organisms to crop plants -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 3.6 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 Signalling Networks Involved in Induced Resistance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The SA-JA Backbone of the Plant Immune Signalling Network -- 4.2.1 Salicylic acid -- 4.2.2 Jasmonic acid -- 4.3 SA and JA: Important Signals in Systemically Induced Defence -- 4.3.1 Pathogen-induced SAR -- 4.3.2 ISR triggered by beneficial microbes -- 4.3.3 Rhizobacteria-ISR signal transduction -- 4.4 ISR and Priming for Enhanced Defence.

4.4.1 Molecular mechanisms of priming -- 4.5 Hormonal Crosstalk During Induced Defence -- 4.5.1 Mechanisms of crosstalk between SA and JA signalling -- 4.5.2 Rewiring of the hormone signalling network by plant enemies -- 4.6 Outlook -- 4.7 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5 Types and Mechanisms of Rapidly Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivorous Arthropods -- 5.1 Introduction: Induced Resistance in Context -- 5.2 Comparison of the Threats Posed by Pathogens and Herbivores -- 5.3 Types of Induced Resistance -- 5.3.1 Hypersensitive responses -- 5.3.2 Direct induced resistance -- 5.3.3 Indirect induced resistance -- 5.3.4 Plant stress-induced resistance -- 5.3.5 Tolerance -- 5.3.6 Priming -- 5.3.7 Interplant signalling -- 5.3.8 Concurrent expression of multiple types of induced resistance -- 5.4 Establishing the Causal Basis of Induced Resistance -- 5.4.1 The complex causal basis of induced resistance -- 5.4.2 Approaches to understanding the causal basis of induced resistance -- 5.5 Arthropods as Dynamic Participants in Plant-Arthropod Interactions -- 5.6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Mechanisms of Defence to Pathogens: Biochemistry and Physiology -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structural Barriers -- 6.2.1 Early events: The cytoskeleton and traffic of vesicles -- 6.2.2 The nature of cell wall appositions -- 6.2.3 Lignification -- 6.3 Phytoalexins -- 6.3.1 The concept of phytoalexins -- 6.3.2 Distribution of phytoalexins among taxons and individuals -- 6.3.3 Biosynthetic pathways and their regulation -- 6.3.4 Role of the phytoalexins in the defence response -- 6.4 The Hypersensitive Response (HR) -- 6.4.1 In the death car-en route to plant resistance to pathogens -- 6.4.2 The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS).

6.4.3 On the highway of hypersensitive cell death: Signalling and regulation -- 6.4.4 License to kill: Where do we stand on execution of hypersensitive cell death? -- 6.5 Antimicrobial Proteins or Defence-Related Proteins -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Use of PRs for crop protection: Current status -- 6.5.3 Other changes in the transcriptome related to pathogenesis -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Induced Resistance in Natural Ecosystems and Pathogen Population Biology: Exploiting Interactions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Environmental Variability -- 7.3 Ecology of the Plant Environment -- 7.4 Environmental Parameters -- 7.5 Plant and Pathogen Population Genetics -- 7.6 Consequences of Resistance Induction -- 7.7 Conclusions -- 7.8 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Microbial Induction of Resistance to Pathogens -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Resistance Induced by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Fungi -- 8.2.1 PGPR -- 8.2.1.1 Spectrum of activity -- 8.2.1.2 Interactions between plant roots and PGPR -- 8.2.1.3 PGPR and plant growth -- 8.2.1.4 PGPR in the field -- 8.2.2 PGPF -- 8.3 Induction of Resistance by Biological Control Agents -- 8.4 Resistance Induced by Composts -- 8.5 Disease Control Provided by Endophytes -- 8.6 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Induced Resistance -- 8.7 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9 Trade-offs Associated with Induced Resistance -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Resistance Inducers -- 9.2.1 Eliciting resistance to biotrophic pathogens -- 9.2.2 Eliciting resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and herbivores -- 9.2.3 Volatile elicitors -- 9.2.4 Priming -- 9.3 Costs of Induced Resistance -- 9.3.1 Allocation costs -- 9.3.2 Priming as cost-reducing mechanism -- 9.3.3 Ecological costs -- 9.3.4 Dependency on cultivars -- 9.3.5 Context dependency -- 9.4 Outlook -- References.

Chapter 10 Topical Application of Inducers for Disease Control -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biotic Inducers -- 10.2.1 Chitin and chitosan -- 10.2.2 Fragments and extracts of fungal cell walls -- 10.2.3 Extracts and materials derived from marine macroalgae -- 10.2.4 Lipids -- 10.3 Abiotic Inducers -- 10.3.1 Benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH)/acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) -- 10.3.1.1 Diseases caused by leaf and stem-infecting fungi -- 10.3.1.2 Diseases caused by oomycetes -- 10.3.1.3 Fungal soil-borne diseases -- 10.3.1.4 Fungal postharvest diseases -- 10.3.1.5 Diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and insects -- 10.3.2 Salicylic acid and structurally related compounds -- 10.3.2.1 Salicylic acid -- 10.3.2.2 SA derivatives -- 10.3.3 Proteins, peptides and amino acid-derived inducers -- 10.3.3.1 β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) -- 10.3.3.2 Harpin -- 10.3.3.3 Other purified proteins -- 10.3.4 Lipids -- 10.3.4.1 Oxylipins -- 10.3.4.2 Fatty acids -- 10.3.5 Active oxygen species -- 10.3.6 Sugars -- 10.3.7 Phytohormones -- 10.3.8 Mineral and ions -- 10.3.8.1 Copper -- 10.3.8.2 Other minerals -- 10.3.8.3 Silicon -- 10.3.8.4 Calcium-based compounds -- 10.3.8.5 Other inducers -- 10.3.9 Vitamins -- 10.3.10 Physical treatments -- 10.4 Conclusions -- 10.5 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11 How do Beneficial Microbes Induce Systemic Resistance? -- 11.1 Plant-Beneficial Microbes -- 11.2 The Plant Immune System as a Regulator of Plant-Biotic Interactions -- 11.2.1 The plant innate immune system: Induced defence -- 11.2.2 The plant adaptive immune system: Priming of defence -- 11.3 How do Beneficial Microbes Cope with the Plant Immune System? -- 11.3.1 Evasion and suppression of plant immunity by rhizobia -- 11.3.2 Suppression of plant immunity by mycorrhizal fungi.

11.3.3 Evasion and suppression of plant immunity by PGPR.