Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Part 1: Fundamental Methodologies -- 1 Layered Double Hydroxides and the Environment: An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Structure of Layered Double Hydroxides -- 1.3 Properties of Layered Double Hydroxides -- 1.4 Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides -- 1.4.1 Co-precipitation Method -- 1.4.2 Hydrothermal Synthesis -- 1.4.3 Urea Hydrolysis Method -- 1.4.4 Sol-Gel Method -- 1.4.5 Ion-Exchange Method -- 1.4.6 Rehydration Method -- 1.4.7 Miscellaneous Methods -- 1.5 Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxides -- 1.5.1 X-ray Diffraction -- 1.5.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy -- 1.5.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis -- 1.5.4 Other Techniques -- 1.6 Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides -- 1.6.1 Catalytic Applications -- 1.6.2 Agricultural Applications -- 1.6.3 Pharmaceutical Applications -- 1.6.4 Industrial Applications -- 1.6.5 Environmental Applications -- 1.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Alloys Applying Different Types of Silanes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Silanes for Surface Treatment -- 2.2.1 Classification of Silanes -- 2.2.2 Surface Treatment and Silane Chemistry -- 2.2.3 Experimental Procedure -- 2.3 Materials, Methods and Experimentals -- 2.3.1 Materials -- 2.3.2 Preparation of Silane Solutions -- 2.3.3 Silane Treatment -- 2.4 Surface Analytics -- 2.5 Results and Discussion -- 2.5.1 Contact Angle -- 2.5.2 Characterization with SEM/EDX - FIB -- 2.5.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Tests -- 2.5.4 Salt Spray Test -- 2.5.5 FTIR Spectroscopy -- 2.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 New Generation Material for the Removal of Arsenic from Water -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Properties of Arsenic [3-6].

3.1.2 World Health Organization Guidelines -- 3.1.3 Toxicity -- 3.1.4 Technologies -- 3.1.5 Adsorption Process -- 3.1.6 New Generation Materials -- 3.2 Arsenic Desorption/Sorbent Regeneration -- 3.2.1 Cost Evaluation -- 3.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 4 Prediction and Optimization of Heavy Clay Products Quality -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Materials and Methods -- 4.2.1 Raw Materials and Samples -- 4.2.2 Chemical and Technological Features -- 4.2.3 Second Order Polynomial Model and Analysis of Variance -- 4.2.4 Artificial Neural Network Modeling -- 4.2.5 Fuzzy Synthetic Optimization -- 4.3 Results and Discussions -- 4.3.1 Correlation Analysis -- 4.3.2 Analysis of Variance and SOP Models -- 4.3.3 Neurons in the ANN Hidden Layer -- 4.3.4 Simulation of the ANNs -- 4.3.5 Sensitivity Analysis -- 4.3.6 Fuzzy Synthetic Optimization -- 4.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 5 Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sugar Palm Fiber via Vacuum Resin Impregnation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Experimental -- 5.2.1 Materials -- 5.2.2 Methods -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.3.1 Physical Properties of Impregnated Fiber -- 5.3.2 Tensile Properties of Impregnated Fibre -- 5.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Environmentally-Friendly Acrylates-Based Polymer Latices -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Alkyds -- 6.1.2 Urethanes -- 6.1.3 Epoxies -- 6.1.4 Acrylics -- 6.2 Polymerization Techniques -- 6.2.1 Component of Emulsion Polymerization -- 6.2.2 Applications of Acrylic Polymers -- References -- Part 2: Inventive Nanotechnology -- 7 Nanoparticles for Trace Analysis of Toxins: Present and Future Scenario -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nanoremediation Using TiO2 Nanoparticles -- 7.3 Gold Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation -- 7.4 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles -- 7.5 Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation.

7.6 Other Materials for Nanoremediation -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Recent Developments in Gold Nanomaterial Catalysts for Oxidation Reaction through Green and Sustainable Routes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Quantum Size Effects -- 8.1.2 Charge Transfer between Gold and Metal Oxide Support -- 8.1.3 Formation of Reactive Gold-Metal Oxide Perimeter Interfaces -- 8.2 Propylene Epoxidation Reaction -- 8.3 Reaction Mechanism -- 8.4 Glucose Oxidation -- 8.5 Alcohol Oxidation -- 8.5.1 Mechanism for Alcohol Oxidation Reaction -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Nanosized Metal Oxide-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Removal: A Review -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Nanosized Metal Oxide -- 9.2.1 Nano Ferric Oxides (NFeOs) -- 9.2.2 Nano Manganese Oxides (NMnOs) -- 9.2.3 Nano Titanium Oxides (NTOs) -- 9.2.4 Nano Zinc Oxides (NZnOs) -- 9.2.5 Nano Aluminum Oxides -- 9.3 Hybrid Adsorbents -- 9.3.1 Bentonite-Based Hybrid Nano-Metal Oxide Nanocomposites (B-NMOs) -- 9.3.2 Polymer-Supported Nano-Metal Oxide Nanocomposites (P-NMOs) -- 9.3.3 Zeolites-Supported Nano Metal Oxide Nanocomposites (P-NMOs) -- 9.3.4 Metal Oxides-Based Nanocomposites -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Future Prospects of Phytosynthesized Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Functional Agents for Textiles -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Synthesis of Transition Metal Nanoparticle Using Various Plant Parts -- 10.2.1 Silver - Most Versatile Transition Metal Nanoparticle Synthesized by Using Plants -- 10.2.2 Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles -- 10.2.3 Gold/Silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles -- 10.2.4 Palladium Nanoparticles -- 10.2.5 Synthesis of Other Transition Metal Nanoparticles -- 10.3 Proposed Mechanisms -- 10.4 Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Antimicrobial Agents for Textile Modifications -- 10.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Aspects -- References.

11 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics and Equilibrium Modeling -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in the Environment -- 11.3 Toxicity to Human Health and Ecosystems -- 11.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.4.1 Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.5 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.5.1 Co-precipitation -- 11.5.2 Hydrothermal Synthesis -- 11.5.3 Microemulsion -- 11.5.4 Thermal Decomposition -- 11.6 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment -- 11.6.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Nanosorbents for Heavy Metals -- 11.7 Modeling of Adsorption: Kinetic and Isotherm Models -- 11.7.1 Kinetic Studies in Adsorption of Heavy Metals -- 11.7.2 Equilibrium Modeling of Adsorption -- 11.8 Thermodynamic Analysis -- 11.9 Metal Recovery and Regeneration of Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 11.10 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Potential Application of Nanoparticles as Antipathogens -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Types of Pathogens -- 12.1.2 Virulence -- 12.1.3 Transmission -- 12.2 Applications of Nanoparticles -- 12.2.1 Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery -- 12.2.2 Role of Nanoparticles and Their Potential Application in Food Packaging -- 12.2.3 Nanoparticles Used in Agriculture -- 12.2.4 Nanotechnology for the Health Sector -- 12.2.5 Nanoparticles Applicable in the Area of Textile Fibers -- 12.2.6 Nanoparticles Used in Water Treatment -- 12.3 Nanoparticles in Biology -- 12.4 Uses and Advantages of Nanoparticles in Medicine -- 12.5 Antibacterial Properties of Nanomaterials -- 12.5.1 Gold Nanoparticles -- 12.5.2 Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles -- 12.5.3 Copper Oxide Nanoparticles -- 12.5.4 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles -- 12.5.5 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles -- 12.6 Antiviral properties of Nanoparticles -- 12.6.1 Silver -- 12.6.2 Selenium Nanoclusters -- 12.6.3 Metal Oxides.

12.6.4 N-phenyl- and N-benzoylthiourea Derivatives -- 12.6.5 FeO4/C12 Nanostructures and 2-((4-ethylphenoxy) methyl)-N-(substituted-phenyl carbamothioyl)-benzamides -- 12.6.6 Graphene Nanosheets -- 12.6.7 Photoactivated Carbon Nanotube-Porphyrin Conjugates -- 12.7 Antifungal Activity -- 12.7.1 Silver -- 12.8 Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticle inside the Body -- 12.9 Detecting the Antipathogenicity of Nanoparticles on Microorganisms in Vitro -- 12.10 Types of Nanoparticles -- 12.11 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Conventional Methods -- 12.11.1 Top-down approach -- 12.11.2 Bottom-up approach -- 12.12 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 12.12.1 Extraction of Nanoparticles -- 12.13 Characterizations of Nanoparticles -- 12.14 Biocompatibility of Nanoparticles -- 12.15 Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles -- 12.15.1 Respiratory System -- 12.15.2 Translocation of nanoparticle to the Blood Stream and Central Nervous System -- 12.15.3 Gastrointestinal Tract and Skin -- 12.16 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Gas Barrier Properties of Biopolymer-based Nanocomposites: Application in Food Packaging -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Experimental -- 13.3 Objective -- 13.4 Background of Food Packaging -- 13.4.1 Oxygen Penetration -- 13.4.2 Antimicrobial Systems -- 13.4.3 Detection of Gases Produced by Food Spoilage -- 13.4.4 Different Fillers for Nanocomposites -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Application of Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles for Environmental Clean Up -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: A Versatile Tool for Environmental Clean Up -- 14.2.1 Iron Chemistry -- 14.2.2 Synthesis -- 14.2.3 Structure -- 14.2.4 Environmental Application -- 14.3 Reduction Mechanisms and Pathways -- 14.4 Pilot- and Field-Scale Studies -- 14.5 Transport of nFe0 in Environment -- 14.6 Integrated Approach -- 14.7 Challenges Ahead -- 14.7.1 Toxicity.

14.7.2 Fate and Behavior in Environment.