Cover page -- Half-Title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Introduction: Goals of Property-Model Methodology -- I.1. Introduction -- I.2. Brief overview -- I.3. Goals -- I.4. Processes -- I.4.1. Objectifying and exactifying the specifications -- I.4.2. Designing error-free solutions -- I.4.3. Providing error free specifications of sub-systems -- I.4.4. Anticipating approval phases of physical units and their integration -- I.5. Conclusion -- PART 1: Fundamentals -- 1: General Systems Theory -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. What is a system? -- 1.3. Systems, subsystems and levels -- 1.4. Concrete and abstract objects -- 1.5. Properties -- 1.5.1. Material and formal properties -- 1.5.2. Accidental and essential properties, laws and types -- 1.5.3. Dispositions, structural and behavioral properties -- 1.5.4. Resulting and emerging properties -- 1.6. States, event, process, behavior and fact -- 1.7. Systems of interest -- 2: Technological Systems -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Definition of technological systems -- 2.2.1. Artificial autotelic and heterotelic systems -- 2.2.2. Technical-empirical and technological systems -- 2.2.3. Purpose of a technological system -- 2.3. Function, behavior and structure of a technological system -- 2.4. Intended and concomitant effects of a technological system -- 2.5. Modes, mode switching and states -- 2.5.1. Modes of operation -- 2.5.2. Mode switching -- 2.5.3. Operating states -- 2.6. Errors, faults and failures -- 2.7. "The human factor" -- 3: Knowledge Systems -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Knowledge and its bearers -- 3.3. Intersubjective knowledge -- 3.4. Concepts, propositions and conceptual knowledge -- 3.5. Objective and true knowledge -- 3.6. Scientific and technological knowledge.

3.6.1. Fundamental sciences -- 3.6.2. Applied sciences and technology -- 3.6.3. Operative technological rules -- 3.6.4. Substantive technological rules -- 3.7. Knowledge and belief -- 4: Semiotic Systems and Models -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Signs and systems of signs -- 4.3. Nomological propositions and law statements -- 4.4. Models, object models, theoretical models and simulation -- 4.5. Representativeness of models and the expressiveness of languages -- 4.5.1. Representativeness of models -- 4.5.2. Expressiveness of a language -- PART 2: Methods -- 5: Engineering Processes -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Systems engineering process -- 5.2.1. General framework -- 5.2.2. Design process -- 5.2.3. Safety assessment process -- 5.2.4. Requirement and assumption validation -- 5.2.5. Verification of the implementation regarding requirements -- 5.2.6. Managing configurations -- 5.2.7. Process (quality) assurance, certification and coordination with authorities -- 6: Determining Requirements and Specification Models -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Specifications and requirements -- 6.3. Text-based requirements and subjectivity -- 6.4. Objectifying requirements and assumptions through property-based requirements -- 6.4.1. Definition -- 6.4.2. Examples -- 6.4.3. Typology and sources of PBR -- 6.4.3.1. Structural requirements -- 6.4.3.2. Behavioral requirements -- 6.4.3.3. Mixed requirements -- 6.5. Conjunction and comparison of property-based requirements -- 6.5.1. Comparison of two PBRs -- 6.5.2. Conjunction of two PBRs -- 6.6. Interpreting text-based requirements -- 6.6.1. Example 1: FAR29.1303(b) flight and navigation instruments -- 6.6.2. Example 2: FAR29.951(a) Fuel systems - General -- 6.7. Conclusion: specification models and concurrent assertions -- 7: Designing Solutions and Design Models -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Deriving requirements.

7.3. Basic system model of a type of systems -- 7.4. Dynamic design models of a type of systems -- 7.4.1. Behavioral design model (BDM) -- 7.4.2. Equation-based design models (EDMs) -- 7.5. Derivation and allocation of the system's behavioral requirements -- 7.6. Static design models -- 7.6.1. Composite system model -- 7.6.2. Structural design model -- 7.6.3. Allocation of BDM components to SDM components -- 7.7. Derivation and allocation of system requirements -- 7.8. The end of the design process and the realization -- 8: Validating Requirements and Assumptions -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The validation process according to the ARP4754A -- 8.2.1. Goal of the validation -- 8.2.2. Means of validation -- 8.3. The validation process according to the property model methodology -- 8.3.1. Goal of the validation -- 8.3.2. Means of validation -- 8.3.3. Exactness of a system specification model -- 8.3.4. Validating the derivation of system requirements -- 8.3.5. Scenarios and validation cases, efforts and rigor in validation -- 8.4. Conclusion -- 9: Verifying the Implementation Step by Step -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The verification process according to the ARP4754A -- 9.2.1. Goal of the verification -- 9.2.2. Verification methods -- 9.3. The verification process according to the property model methodology -- 9.3.1. Objects to be verified -- 9.3.2. Goal of the verification -- 9.3.3. Verifying the design -- 9.3.4. Verifying the other products of implementation -- 9.3.5. The contract theorem -- 9.4. Conclusion -- 10: Safety Engineering -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. The safety assessment process according to the ARP4754A -- 10.2.1. Goal of safety assessment process -- 10.2.2. Means to assess safety -- 10.2.2.1. Functional hazard assessment -- 10.2.2.2. Preliminary aircraft/system safety assessment (PASA and PSSA).

10.2.2.3. Aircraft/system safety assessment (ASA and SSA) -- 10.2.2.4. Common cause analysis -- 10.3. The safety assessment process according to the property model methodology (PMM) -- 10.3.1. Errors, faults and failures -- 10.3.2. FHA and interpretation of the 1309(b)(2)(i) requirements as PBRs -- 10.3.3. PASA/PSSA and deriving safety requirements -- 10.3.4. Simulation and validation of the derived safety requirements -- 10.3.5. Simulation and verification of the failure prevention mechanisms -- 10.3.6. Reliability design models -- 10.3.7. Safety theorem: validating additional requirements -- 10.4. Conclusion -- 11: Property Model Methodology Development Process -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Early phase of a system development, preliminary studies -- 11.3. Steps of the industrial development of a type of systems -- 11.4. Initial step: highest level system specification -- 11.4.1. Initial step general approach -- 11.4.2. Establishing a specification model of the type of systems -- 11.5. Design steps: descending and iterative design of the building blocks down to the lowest level blocks -- 11.5.1. Design step of a non-terminal block -- 11.5.2. Behavioral design step of a terminal block -- 11.5.3. End of the design step -- 11.6. Realization step of the lowest level building blocks -- 11.7. Integration and installation steps -- 11.8. Conclusion -- Appendix -- A1.1. Introduction -- A1.2. Roles and means -- A1.2.1. Roles -- A1.2.2. Means: an environment for modeling and simulating -- A1.3. Producing a specification model (SSM) -- A1.3.1. Ports -- A1.3.2. Property-based requirements and assumptions -- A1.4. Producing design models -- A1.4.1. Equation design models -- A1.4.2. Behavioral design model -- A1.4.3. Structural design model -- A1.4.4. Reliability design model -- A1.5. Producing a system model (SM) -- Bibliography -- Index.