Preface -- Contents -- Introducing the Bacterial Antibiotic Sensor Mini Project -- Identifying Conserved Elements in the Toxin Sensor and Designing Mutants to Test Whether They are I -- Designing Primers for Site-Directed Mutagenesis -- Performing Site-Directed Mutagenesis -- Purifying Mutant Toxin Sensor DNA from Bacterial Cells and Evaluating its Quality Using Agarose Gel -- Preparing DNA Template for Mutant RNA Sensor Synthesis Using a Restriction Endonuclease -- Synthesizing the ykkCD Mutant Toxin Sensor RNA in vitro -- Purifying the ykkCD Mutant Toxin Sensor RNA and Evaluating its Purity Using Denaturing PAGE and UV s -- Evaluating the Ability of the ykkCD Toxin Sensor to Recognize the Antibiotic Tetracycline Using Fluo -- Evaluating Antibiotic Binding to Blood Serum Albumin Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy -- Understanding the Importance of Buffers in Biological Systems -- Molecular Visualization of an Enzyme, Acetylcholinesterase -- Determining the Efficiency of the Enzyme Acetylcholine Esterase Using Steady-State Kinetic Experimen -- Separation of the Phosphatidylcholines Using Reverse Phase HPLC -- List of Figures.