Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Dedications -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 General Principles -- Embryology, structure and function of the skin -- The epidermis -- The dermis -- Skin appendages -- Histological terms -- Blood supply to the skin -- Anatomy of the circulation -- Angiosomes -- Arterial characteristics -- Venous characteristics -- The microcirculation -- Control of blood flow -- The delay phenomenon -- Classification of flaps -- Circulation -- Composition -- Contiguity -- Contour -- Conditioning -- Geometry of local flaps -- Orientation of elective incisions -- Plasty techniques -- Local flaps -- Wound healing and skin grafts -- Phases of wound healing -- Abnormal scars -- Epithelial repair -- Collagen -- The macrophage -- The myofibroblast -- TGF-β -- Factors affecting healing -- Fetal wound healing -- Skin grafts -- Bone healing and bone grafts -- Bone structure -- Blood supply to bone -- Bone healing -- Bone graft healing -- Survival of bone grafts -- Cartilage healing and cartilage grafts -- Cartilage structure -- Cartilage nutrition -- Cartilage healing -- Cartilage grafts -- Nerve healing and nerve grafts -- Nerve anatomy and function -- Medical Research Council grading of nerve function -- Injury -- Nerve repair -- Nerve grafts -- Tendon healing -- Anatomy -- Mechanisms of tendon healing -- Phases of tendon healing -- Transplantation -- Transplant immunology -- Immunosuppression -- Vascularised composite allotransplantation (VCA) -- Tissue engineering -- Alloplastic implantation -- Indications -- Relative contraindications -- Classification -- Liquids -- Solids -- Wound dressings -- Classification -- Sutures and suturing -- Suturing -- Suture materials -- Tissue expansion -- Mechanisms -- Changes -- Microscopic appearance of the expander capsule -- Advantages.

Insertion and placement of expanders -- Design of expanders -- Timing and length of expansion -- Lasers -- Laser physics -- Structure of a basic laser -- Properties of laser light -- Laser interaction with tissue -- Laser variables -- Laser safety -- Local anaesthesia -- Classification -- Pharmacokinetics -- Common local anaesthetics -- Dose calculation -- Toxicity -- Microsurgery -- History -- Pathophysiology of vessel healing -- Drugs that limit thrombus formation -- Reperfusion injury -- The no-reflow phenomenon -- Equipment -- Post-operative management -- Post-operative monitoring -- Management of a non-flowing anastomosis -- Leech therapy -- Haemostasis and thrombosis -- The coagulation cascade -- Anticoagulants -- Platelets -- Antiplatelet drugs -- Further reading -- Flaps -- Wound healing -- Nerve -- Tendon -- Transplantation -- Alloplastic implantation -- Dressings -- Tissue expansion -- Microsurgery -- Chapter 2 Skin and Soft Tissue Lesions -- Benign nonpigmented skin lesions -- Skin lesions of epidermal origin -- Skin lesions of dermal origin -- Miscellaneous -- Benign pigmented skin lesions -- Structure and function of melanocytes -- Melanocytic lesions -- Classification -- Congenital naevus cell naevi -- Acquired naevus cell naevi -- Special naevus cell naevi -- Epidermal melanocytic naevi -- Dermal melanocytic naevi -- Malignant nonpigmented skin lesions -- Aetiology -- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) -- Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma -- TNM staging -- Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) -- Sebaceous carcinoma -- Malignant melanoma -- Epidemiology -- Risk factors -- Premalignant lesions -- Pathogenesis -- Assessment -- Primary treatment -- TNM staging -- Prognostic factors -- Minimum data set -- Definitive treatment of the primary lesion -- Management of lymph node basins -- Management of metastatic disease -- Important trials in melanoma.

Vascular anomalies -- Classification -- Vascular tumours -- Vascular malformations -- Soft tissue tumours -- Classification of soft tissue tumours -- Cutaneous sarcomas -- Bone sarcomas -- Treatment -- Further reading -- Benign skin lesions -- BCC -- SCC -- MCC -- MM -- Vascular anomalies -- Soft tissue sarcoma -- Chapter 3 The Head and Neck -- Embryology -- The first branchial arch -- The second branchial arch -- The frontonasal process -- Facial development -- Cranial development -- The neural crest -- Developmental terminology and definitions -- Dental terminology -- Classification -- Clefts -- Synostosis -- Atrophy-hypoplasia -- Neoplasia-hyperplasia -- Unclassified craniofacial abnormalities -- Cleft lip -- cleft lip and palate -- Epidemiology -- Mechanism -- Anatomy -- Classification -- Organisation of cleft services in the United Kingdom -- Timing of repair -- Adjuncts to surgery -- Techniques of repair -- How to draw a unilateral rotation-advancement repair -- Primary nasal surgery -- Alveolar bone grafting -- Bilateral cleft lip -- Cleft palate -- Embryology -- Anatomy of the palate -- Anatomy of the cleft soft palate -- Associated syndromes -- Surgical repair of CP -- Orthognathic surgery (OGS) -- Velopharyngeal insufficiency -- Speech assessment -- Velopharyngeal assessment -- Treatment of VPI -- Head and neck cancer -- TNM classification -- Levels of the neck -- Neck dissection -- Technique of radical neck dissection -- Complications of neck dissection -- Management of intraoperative bleeding from the IJV -- Radiotherapy -- Chemotherapy -- The unknown primary -- Radiology -- Salivary gland tumours -- Carcinoma of the lip -- Tumours of the oral cavity -- Mandibular reconstruction -- Tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses -- Reconstruction of the nose -- Maxillofacial trauma -- General management principles.

Management of facial soft tissue injuries -- Mandibular fractures -- Zygomatic (malar) fractures -- Maxillary fractures -- Orbital fractures -- Nasal fractures -- Nasoorbitoethmoidal (NOE) fractures -- Frontal sinus fractures -- Panfacial fractures -- Oculoplastic surgery -- Anatomy of the eyelid -- Eyelid reconstruction -- Ptosis -- Ectropion -- Entropion -- Other oculoplastic conditions and procedures -- Facial palsy -- Anatomy of the facial nerve -- Congenital aetiologies -- Acquired aetiologies -- Grading -- Assessment -- Management -- Abnormalities of the ear -- Embryology -- Blood supply -- Nerve supply -- Classification -- Reconstruction -- Prominent ears -- Other auricular abnormalities -- Further reading -- Craniofacial surgery -- Cleft lip and palate -- Head and neck cancer -- Maxillofacial trauma -- Oculoplastic surgery -- Facial palsy -- Abnormalities of the ear -- Chapter 4 The Breast and Chest Wall -- Breast anatomy -- Arterial supply -- Nerve supply -- Surface anatomy -- Brassiere size -- Breast reduction -- History -- Techniques -- Mastopexy -- Classification -- Surgical correction of ptosis -- Complications of mastopexy and breast reduction -- Breast augmentation -- History -- Classification -- The silicone controversy -- Capsule formation -- Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) silicone implants -- Consequences and complications of breast augmentation surgery -- Other techniques of breast augmentation -- The tuberous breast -- Classification of tuberous breast deformity -- Surgical correction -- Gynaecomastia -- Aetiology -- Classification of gynaecomastia -- Pre-operative assessment -- Surgical correction -- Breast cancer -- Risk factors -- Classification -- Triple assessment -- Imaging -- MARIA -- Management -- Surgical treatment -- Adjuvant therapies -- Breast reconstruction -- Classification -- Reconstructive options.

Reconstructing the NAC -- Chest wall reconstruction -- Embryology and anatomy -- Pectus deformities -- Poland's syndrome -- Sternal wound infection -- Reconstruction following tumour ablation and trauma -- Posterior trunk reconstruction -- Flap options -- Further reading -- Breast reduction and mastopexy -- Breast augmentation -- Tuberous breast -- Gynaecomastia -- Breast cancer and reconstruction -- Chest wall reconstruction -- Chapter 5 The Upper Limb -- Embryology -- Developmental anatomy -- Mechanisms of development -- Congenital deformities -- Classification -- Failure of formation -- Failure of differentiation -- Duplication -- Overgrowth -- Undergrowth -- Constriction ring syndrome -- Hand trauma -- Assessment -- Position of safe immobilisation (POSI) -- Tourniquets in hand surgery -- Replantation and revascularisation -- Fingertip injuries -- Thumb reconstruction -- Toe-to-hand transplantation -- Fractures and dislocations -- Tendon injury -- Hand infections -- Bite wounds -- Acute paronychia -- Chronic paronychia -- Felon -- Herpetic whitlow -- Flexor sheath infections -- Palm infections -- Dorsal hand infections -- Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) -- Epidemiology -- Clinical features -- Definitions of terminology -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Nerve compression -- Classification -- The median nerve and its branches -- The ulnar nerve -- The radial nerve and its branches -- Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) -- Cervical root compression -- Traumatic brachial plexus injury -- Anatomy -- Mechanisms of injury -- Classification -- Assessment -- Management -- Obstetric brachial plexus palsy -- Risk factors -- Classification -- Assessment -- Management -- Tendon transfers -- General principles -- Radial nerve palsy -- Median nerve palsy -- Ulnar nerve palsy -- Dupuytren's disease -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology.

Anatomy of the palmar fascia.