Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya: A Social History of the Shifta Conflict, c. 1963-1968 -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Maps -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- The Northern Frontier District of Kenya: People, Place, and History -- Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Borderland Kenya -- Sources and Methodology -- The Book -- 2 The Politics of nfd Secession, 1960-63 -- The Political Campaign for Secession -- Moderates and Radicals -- Dabasso Wabera and Hajj Galm Dida -- Gaaf Chaama (the Time of Political Parties) -- Conclusions -- 3 The Shifta -- The Formation of the NFDLF -- Becoming Shifta -- Support and Opposition for Shifta -- Conclusions -- 4 The Shifta Conflict, 1963-68 -- The NFD Liberation Campaign -- "These Feuds are Always There": The Socioeconomic Dynamics of a Rural Rebellion -- Conflict in Marsabit -- Salfaa -- Conclusions -- 5 Government Responses to Conflict (1) : Counterinsurgency -- The War against Shifta -- The Militarization of Northern Kenya -- "They Even Called the Camels Shifta" -- Conclusions -- 6 Government Responses to Conflict (2) Villagization -- The Roots of Villagization -- Implementing Villagization -- The Villagization Experience -- Conclusions -- 7 Aftermath -- "What [is] the Purpose of Fighting for an Empty Land?" -- "There has Never Been Peace": Continuity and Change in the Local Political Economy of Violence -- "We are Not People of Farms" -- Conclusions -- 8 Conclusion -- Sources -- Bibliography -- Index.