Islam and the Making of the Nation -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Note on spelling and transliteration -- List of abbreviations -- Preface: new perspectives on political islam in twentieth-century indonesia -- Scholarly approaches to Islam and politics -- Kartosuwiryo's motives -- About this book -- Structure of the book -- A note on the sources -- 1. Planting the seeds: java, the nationalist movement and kartosuwiryo in the 1920s -- From desa to kota: a nationalist leader in the making -- Colonial perspectives -- Surabaya -- Batavia -- Back to the desa: building local networks -- West Java -- Malangbong -- Islam, authority and leadership in the Priangan -- Developing an Islamic nationalist ideology -- Concluding remarks -- 2. Political islam in changing times: sarekat islam and masyumi under the dutch and japanese occupations (1930-1945) -- Kartosuwiryo: a rising star? -- Redefining Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia's priorities -- Pan-Islamism and non-cooperation -- The Islamic movement and secular nationalism -- The consequences of non-cooperation -- The Brosoer sikap hidjrah PSII and Daftar oesaha hidjrah -- Reflecting on the 'Middle East' factor -- Kartosuwiryo's weakening support and withdrawal from politics -- New regime, new approach: Dai Nippon and Islamic politics -- The rise of secular nationalism -- Concluding remarks -- 3. Religious resistance and secular politics: laying the foundations of the indonesian state (1945-1947) -- Shifting centres of power: Tokyo, Jakarta, London, The Hague -- Masyumi's islamization of the ideological struggle -- Kartosuwiryo's Haloean politik Islam -- Troop polarization in West Java -- Seeking a structure -- The Linggadjati agreement and the Dutch invasion -- Consequences for West Java -- The Limbangan incident.

West Java on the eve of the Renville agreement -- Ideological radicalization: calling for holy war -- Kartosuwiryo's Perang sabil -- Kartosuwiryo's 'holy war' -- Government reception of Masyumi's and Kartosuwiryo's calls for a jihad -- Concluding remarks -- 4. Building the islamic state: from ideal to reality (1947-1949) -- Groundwork (November 1947-May 1948) -- Imagining the Islamic state -- Laying the foundations of the Islamic state -- Early reactions -- Initial expansion -- A step closer to establishing the Islamic state (May-December 1948) -- Institutional and territorial consolidation -- Structuring the Islamic state -- Reaching out: promoting the common goal -- Growing apart (December 1948-August 1949) -- Tentara Islam Indonesia and the Siliwangi in West Java: an uneasy cohabitation -- …and an easy divorce -- Opposing reactions: clashing military and political interests -- Declaring an Islamic state in 'occupied' West Java -- The proclamation of the Negara Islam Indonesia -- The NII's criminal code -- The NII's Islamic martial law -- Initial attempts to reconciliation (August-October 1949) -- Concluding remarks -- 5. The 'war of the roses': the islamic state and the pancasila republic (1949-1962) -- Shifting approaches: between negotiation and condemnation (1949-1954) -- The 'Commission for the solution to the Darul Islam problem' -- 'Silently resorting to great military force' -- The duty to restore peace -- The unitary state: 'a modern form of colonialism' -- A new round of negotiations -- Soekiman's 'more resolute way' -- Soekarno's Pancasila national state and its opponents -- 'Final operations' against the enemies of the state -- The demise of Masyumi and Darul Islam (1955-1962) -- Political defeat -- Darul Islam and the regional rebellions -- Operation 'annihilate' -- Concluding remarks.

6. From rebellion to martyrdom? -- Speculations and the rhetoric of betrayal (1948-1950) -- Darul Islam and Communism -- The DI: a scheme of '(D)utch (I)nfiltration' -- Missing ideological reactions to Kartosuwiryo's NII -- Building the image of a 'sterile rebel' -- Condemnation: mysticism, violence and defeat -- Reconciliation: keep your friends close, but your enemies closer -- Glorification -- Kartosuwiryo and contemporary visions of Islamic law in Indonesia -- Comparing the codes: crimes and punishments -- Beyond condemnation and glorification -- Concluding remarks -- Conclusion: the development of political islam and the making of the indonesian state -- Appendix: articles and pamphlets authored by s.m. kartosuwiryo -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index.