Cover -- Foreword -- Contents -- On constructivization - a few remarks on the role of metonymy in grammar -- 1. From proto-language to language as we know it -- 2. Communication based on single words and nonsyntactic concatenation -- 3. Conceptual metonymy constructivized -- 3.1 What a N! Construction -- 3.2 How/What about X Construction -- 3.3 Why not VinfP Construction -- 3.4 One more NP and Clause Construction -- 3.5 If it weren't for NP, CLAUSE Construction -- Summary -- 4. Constructional metonymy constructivized -- 4.1 English the-Adj Construction -- 4.2 What-if Clause Construction -- 4.3 Monoclausal if-only constructions -- 4.4 Summary -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- A concept of container in temporal phrases - a comparative study -- References -- Subjectivity and objectivity in language as seen by Louis Hjelmslev and Ronald W. Langacker -- 1. Introduction -- 2. "I am under the tree," or Louis Hjemslev's interpretation of subjectivity -- 3. Hjelmslev's account of subjectivity in language vs. Langacker's approach-similarities and differences -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- A cognitive analysis of spatial particles in Danish ENHEDSFORBINDELSER and corresponding compounds -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Review of literature -- 3. Study -- 3.1 Method -- 3.1.1 Spatial semantics primitives -- 3.1.1.1 Trajector -- 3.1.1.2 Landmark -- 3.1.1.3 Frame of Reference and Viewpoint -- 3.1.1.4 Region -- 3.1.1.5 Path -- 3.1.1.6 Direction -- 3.1.1.7 Motion -- 3.1.2 Prototype, radial set and protoscene -- 3.2 Data presentation -- 3.3 Discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- A cognitive analysis of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its Polish translations: linguistic worldview in translation criticism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Review of literature -- 2.1 Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its author.

2.2 Polish translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland -- 2.3 Linguistic worldview -- 3. Study: method, data presentation and discussion -- 3.1 The analysed translations -- 3.2 The linguistic worldview in the source and target text samples -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- When -ities collide. Virtuality, actuality, reality -- 1. The problem -- 2. Langacker on virtuality vs. actuality -- 3. Langacker on reality -- 4. The derivative world of science fiction -- 5. Conclusions and questions -- References -- Iconicity and the literary text: A cognitive analysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ronald W. Langacker's subjectification theory -- 3. Imaginal iconicity in poetry and prose -- 4. Diagrammatic iconicity -- 5. In lieu of conclusion: Sorting it all out -- References -- On multiple metonymic mappings in signed languages -- 1. Introduction: signed languages -- 2. Metonymy in phonic and signed communication -- 3. Methodological background -- 4. Multiple metonymic mappings in signed languages -- 4.1 Metonymic chains in single signs -- 4.1.1 The ASL sign for 'ill/sick' -- 4.1.2 The BSL sign for 'cricket' and the ASL sign for 'baseball' -- 4.1.3 The BSL sign for 'angling/fishing' -- 4.1.4 The BSL signs for food and drinks -- 4.1.5 The ASL, BSL, and PJM signs for time periods -- 4.2 Multiple metonymies related to category structure in single signs -- 4.2.1 The ASL and BSL signs for 'milk' -- 4.2.2 The ASL and the PJM signs for 'medicine' -- 4.2.3 The ASL, BSL, and PJM signs for categories of people -- 4.3 Multiple metonymies in compound signs -- 4.3.1 The BSL sign for 'babysit, sitter' -- 4.3.2 The PJM signs for 'boy' and 'girl' -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- The metonymic mappings within the event schema in noun-to-verb back-formations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An overview of the literature -- 2.1 The morphological process of back-formation.

2.2 Metonymic motivation in English word-formation -- 2.3 Metonymies within the event schema in noun-to-verb back-formations -- 3. Presentation of the study -- 3.1 The AGENT FOR ACTION metonymy -- 3.2 The OBJECT FOR ACTION metonymy -- 3.3 The RESULT FOR ACTION metonymy -- 3.4 The INSTRUMENT FOR ACTION metonymy -- 3.5 The MEANS FOR ACTION metonymy -- 3.6 The DESTINATION/GOAL FOR ACTION metonymy -- 3.7 The TIME FOR ACTION metonymy -- 3.8 The MANNER FOR ACTION metonymy -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Sources of examples -- The concepts of sleep and death in the Italian language and the unidirectionality of metaphor -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The unidirectionality hypothesis and the basic functions of conceptual metaphor -- 3. Sleep and other states of consciousness -- 3.1 Death is a kind of sleep -- 3.2 Sleep is a kind of death -- 3.3 Cultural links between sleep and death -- 3.4 The unidirectionality hypothesis in the light of the relation between the concepts of sleep and death -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Sources of examples -- Linguistic Force Dynamics and physics -- 1. Overview -- 2. Linguistic Force Dynamics and naive physics versus modern physics -- 3. The privileged position of the Agonist -- 4. The unequal status of movement and rest -- 5. The greater relative strength of one of the participants -- 6. Schematic reduction -- 7. Schematic reduction excluding the cause of an event -- 8. Blocking, letting, resistance and overcoming -- 9. The intrinsic force tendency of the Agonist -- 10. Summary and Conclusion -- References -- The notion of prototype in linguistics and didactics, revisited -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Prototype in Linguistics -- 3. Prototype in Didactics -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Using cognitive tools in analysing variant construals: the remakes of "The Scream" by Edvard Munch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metonymy.

3. Imagery -- 4. Blending -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- The metaphor in feedback transfer in L2 acquisition (with some examples of the interaction between the Polish and Lithuanian languages) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminary overview of the problems -- 3. Feedback transfer and metaphor - theoretical explorations -- 3.1 The concept of feedback transfer -- 3.2 The role of metaphor and its cultural context -- 4. Feedback transfer: short case study -- 4.1 The error of missing the sense of metaphorical/metonymic extension -- 4.2 False friend transfer -- 4.3 Verb transfer with background profiling -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- The process of language acquisition by a child with profound hearing loss and co-existing defects as a contribution to the proposal on the need for a comprehensive approach to the phenomenon of human language capability -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Review of literature -- 3. Case study -- 3.1 Method -- 3.2 Date presentation -- 3.2.1 The patient -- 3.2.2 Treatment and therapy -- 3.2.3 Language development -- 3.2.4 Current cognitive and manual development -- 3.2.5 Discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Infecting the body politic? Modern and post-modern (ab)use of Immigrants Are Invading Pathogens metaphor in American socio-political discourse -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Pathologising the American body politic: a postmodern approach -- 1.2 Cognitive underpinnings of the body politic analogy -- 2. The body politic pathologised: the pre-modern search for the origin of social ills -- 2.1 The Galenic paradigm of internal imbalance versus the proto- microbiological theory and external, „invisible bullets" of contagion -- 2.2 Pathology or a natural deviation? Functionalist sociology and the ambivalence of contagion -- 3. Modern American containment discourse -- 3.1 Four paradigms of ethnic adaptation.

3.2 Failure of the melting pot fantasy and infection scares (19th c. - 1950s) -- 3.3 Post-modern American containment discourse (1950s - current) -- 3.3.1 Cold War and the Soviet contagion -- 3.3.2 War on Terror and the re-emergence of contagion discourse -- 4. Metaphors of social pathology: a scapegoat formula -- 5. Conclusion: why does America fear the foreign contagion? -- References -- A cognitive investigation of the category of sin -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A brief overview of the different approaches to categorization -- 3. Exploring the definition of sin -- 3.1 Sin as defined by the Bible -- 3.2 Sin as defined in Christian theology -- 3.2.1 The Roman Catholic Church (RCC) -- 3.2.2 The Calvinist Church -- 4. The survey -- 4.1 Some methodological considerations -- 4.2 The results of the survey -- 4.2.1 Task 1: The definition of sin -- 4.2.2 Task 2: Prototypical instances of sin -- 4.2.3 Task 5: How "good" are our sins? -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Linguistic and cultural image of the notion of 'death' in Polish and German -- References -- Sources -- 'Do we always like doing the things that we like to do?' Non-finite complementation of the verb Like -- Introduction -- The 'Like -ing' and 'Like to-infinitive' Complement Constructions -- The Usage of 'Like -ing' and 'Like to-infinitive' -- The Scope and Methods of the Analysis -- The Features Related to the Main Verb: Register, Polarity and Agency Hierarchy -- The Features Related to the Complement Verb: Aktionsart, Semantic Field and Transitivity -- Conclusions -- Tools and sources -- References -- What do the Russian prefixes вы-, из- and the preposition из have in common and what makes them different? -- Introduction -- 1. About the preposition uз -- 2. The вы- prefix in verbal structures -- The schematic concept of the event starting point -- 3. The prefix из- in verbal structures.

4. Comparison with Polish.