Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Scientific Names Used in Text -- SECTION I EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD FILMS AND HEMIC CYTOLOGY -- 1. Peripheral Blood of Mammals -- Normal Hemic Cells -- Rodents (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters) -- Erythrocytes -- Leukocytes -- Leukocytes of Mammals -- Platelets -- Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) -- Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanieger) -- Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) -- Ferrets (Mustela putorius) -- African Hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) -- Evaluation of Mammalian Erythrocytes -- Anemia -- Relative Erythrocytosis -- Inflammatory Leukogram in Mammals -- Mediators of Inflammation -- Inflammatory Response -- Left Shift -- Toxic Change -- Neutrophil/Heterophil Degeneration -- Type of Inflammation -- Neutropenia/Heteropenia -- Rabbits -- Ferrets -- Monocytosis -- Neutrophilia of Excitement and Stress in Mammals -- Neutrophilia of Excitement -- Neutrophilia of Corticosteroid Excess -- Neutropenia in Mammals -- Eosinophilia and Eosinopenia in Mammals -- Eosinophilia -- Eosinopenia -- Basophilia in Mammals -- Lymphopenia in Mammals -- Lymphocytosis in Mammals -- Ferrets -- Monocytosis -- Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis in Mammals -- References -- 2. Peripheral Blood of Birds -- Evaluation of Avian Erythrocytes -- Anemia in Birds -- Hemorrhagic Anemia -- Hemolytic Anemia -- Nonregenerative (Depression) Anemia -- Hypochromasia -- Avian Erythrocytosis -- Evaluation of Avian Leukocytes -- Lymphocytes -- Monocytes -- Granulocytes -- Inflammatory Leukogram in Birds -- Heterophilia -- Inflammatory Leukogram -- Heterophilia of Excitement and Stress in Birds -- Leukopenia in Birds -- Heteropenia -- Lymphopenia -- Monocytosis in Birds -- Eosinophilia and Eosinopenia in Birds -- Avian Thrombocytes -- Thrombocytopenia -- Thrombocytosis.

Normal Variations in the Hemogram of Birds -- References -- 3. Peripheral Blood of Reptiles -- Evaluation of Reptilian Erythrocytes and Anemia -- Inclusion Body Disease -- Leukocytes and Inflammatory in Reptiles -- Heterophils -- Eosinophils -- Basophils -- Lymphocytes -- Monocytes -- Reference Values -- Inflammation -- Considerations in the Interpretation of the Reptilian Hemogram -- Leukemia -- Eosinophilia in Reptiles -- Basophilia in Reptiles -- Lymphocytosis and Lymphopenia in Reptiles -- Monocytosis in Reptiles -- Reptile Thrombocytes -- References -- 4. Peripheral Blood of Amphibians -- Evaluation of Amphibian Erythrocytes -- Evaluation of Amphibian Leukocytes -- Evaluation of Amphibian Thrombocytes -- References -- 5. Peripheral Blood of Fish -- Evaluation of Fish Erythrocytes -- Evaluation of Fish Leukocytes -- Teleost Fish-Neutrophils -- Teleost Fish-Eosinophils -- Teleost Fish-Basophils -- Granulocytes of Cartilaginous Fish (Sharks and Rays) -- Lymphocytes of Fish (Bony and Cartilaginous) -- Monocytes of Fish (Bony and Cartilaginous) -- Leukocytes of Commonly Studied Teleost Fish -- Channel Catfish -- Goldfish, Koi, and Carp -- Salmonids (Trout and Salmon) -- Bass -- Sturgeon -- Tilapia -- Red Pacu -- Interpretation of Fish Leukocytes -- Evaluation of Fish Thrombocytes and Hemostasis -- References -- 6. Blood Parasites -- Avian Blood Parasites -- Hemoproteus -- Plasmodium -- Leukocytozoon -- Atoxoplasma -- Borrelia anserina -- Reptile Blood Parasites -- Hemogregarines -- Trypanosomes -- Plasmodium -- Leishmania -- Saurocytozoon -- Lainsonia and Schellackia -- Pirhemocyton -- Hemoproteus -- Amphibian Blood Parasites -- Fish Blood Parasites -- Hemogregarina -- Trypanosomes and Trypanoplasms -- Piroplasmids -- Microsporidians -- Viral Inclusions -- References -- 7. Bone Marrow/Hematopoiesis.

Mammalian Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation -- Mammalian Erythropoiesis -- Mammalian Granulopoiesis -- Mammalian Platelet Production -- Other Cells in the Mammalian Bone Marrow -- Mammalian Bone Marrow Responses in Disease -- Mammalian Myeloid Neoplasms -- Bone Marrow Evaluation of Rodents -- Bone Marrow Evaluation of Rabbits -- Bone Marrow Evaluation of Ferrets -- Avian Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation -- Avian Erythropoiesis -- Avian Granulopoiesis -- Avian Thrombopoiesis -- Other Cells Present in Avian Bone Marrow -- Avian Hematopoietic Tissue Other Than Bone Marrow -- Avian Bursa of Fabricius -- Avian Thymus -- Avian Spleen -- Reptile Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation -- Reptile Erythropoiesis -- Reptile Granulopoiesis -- Reptile Thrombopoiesis -- Reptile Lymphopoiesis -- Amphibian Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation -- Amphibian Erythropoiesis -- Amphibian Granulopoiesis -- Piscine Hematopoiesis -- References -- SECTION II BLOOD SAMPLE AND BONE MARROW COLLECTION -- 8. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Small Mammals -- Small Rodents: Mice (Mus musculus), Rats (Rattus norvegicus), Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) -- Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) -- Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) and Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) -- Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps) -- Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) -- Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) -- Other Methods of Blood Collection -- Blood Sample Preparation -- References -- 9. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Birds -- Restraint -- Blood Collection -- References -- 10. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Reptiles -- References -- 11. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Amphibians -- References -- 12. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Fish -- References -- 13. Bone Marrow Collection and Evaluation -- Mammals -- Birds.

Reptiles -- References -- SECTION III HEMATOLOGIC TECHNIQUES -- 14. Hematologic Techniques in Lower Vertebrates -- Evaluation of Erythrocytes -- Evaluation of Leukocytes -- Evaluation of Thrombocytes -- References -- SECTION IV CYTODIAGNOSIS -- 15. Normal Mammalian Cytology -- The Digestive Tract -- The Respiratory Tract -- The Skin -- The Eye -- Joint Fluid -- Lymph Nodes -- Spleen -- Liver -- Kidney -- References -- 16. Normal Avian Cytology -- The Digestive Tract -- Respiratory Tract -- The Skin -- The Eye -- Joint Fluid -- Lymphoid Tissue -- Liver -- Kidney -- References -- 17. Normal Herptile (Reptiles and Amphibian) Cytology -- The Digestive Tract -- Respiratory Tract -- The Skin -- The Eye -- Other Tissues -- References -- 18. The Cytology of Inflammation -- Neutrophilic/Heterophilic Inflammation of Mammals -- Heterophilic Inflammation of Birds and Reptiles -- Septic Inflammation -- Mixed Cell Inflammation -- Macrophagic Inflammation -- Eosinophilic Inflammation -- Inflammatory Lesions of the Alimentary Tract -- Inflammation of the Respiratory Tract -- Inflammation of the Skin -- Inflammation of Synovial Joints -- Inflammation of Lymphoid Tissue -- Inflammation of the Liver -- Ophthalmic Inflammation -- Inflammation of Fish -- References -- 19. The Cytology of Hyperplasia/Benign Neoplasia -- Adipose -- Hepatic Lipidosis -- Epidermal Cyst -- Sebaceous Cysts -- Feather Cysts -- Papillomas -- Papillomatosis -- Histiocytoma -- Chordomas -- Leiomyoma -- Squamous Hyperplasia/Metaplasia -- Lymphoid Hyperplasia -- Thyroid Hyperplasia -- References -- 20. The Cytology of Malignant Neoplasia -- General Cellular Features of Malignant Neoplasia -- Cytoplasmic Features of Malignant Neoplasia -- Nuclear Features of Malignant Neoplasia -- Structural Features of Malignant Neoplasia -- Round or Discrete Cell Tumor -- Carcinoma -- Sarcoma.

Cellular Arrangements -- Lower Vertebrates (Birds Reptiles and Amphibians) -- Neoplasia of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Neoplasia of the Respiratory Tract -- Cutaneous Neoplasms -- Ocular Neoplasia -- Neoplasms of Joints and Bone -- Liver Neoplasms -- Renal Neoplasms -- Reproductive Tract Neoplasia -- Neoplasia of Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) -- Neoplasia of African Pygmy Hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) -- Malignant Neoplasia in Fish -- Liver -- Kidney -- Skin -- Digestive Tract -- References -- 21. Effusions -- Transudate -- Modified Transudates -- Exudative Effusion -- Hemorrhagic and Chylous Effusion -- Malignant Effusion -- Hemorrhagic, Exudative, and Malignant Effusions of Lower Vertebrates -- Accidental Aspiration of the Liver -- Synovial Cyst -- Cutaneous Cysts -- Mucocele -- References -- 22. Infectious Agents -- Avian Pox -- Mycoplasmosis -- Clostridium -- Campylobacter -- Spirochetes -- Chlamydophila/Chlamydia -- Chlamydophilosis in Birds -- Mycobacterium -- Candidiasis -- Cryptococcus neoformans -- Macrorhabdus ornithogaster in Birds -- Saccharomyces Yeast in Rabbits -- Aspergillosis -- Chytridiomycosis -- Chrysosporium Anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii -- Saprolegniasis -- Trichomoniasis -- Cryptosporidiosis -- Giardia -- References -- SECTION V SAMPLE COLLECTION FOR CYTOLOGY -- 23. Cytology Sampling Techniques and Evaluation -- Köhler Illumination -- Sample Collection -- Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy -- Contact Smears (Touch Imprints or Impression Smears) and Squash Preparations (Compression Preparations) -- Fluid Samples -- Sample Preparation -- Evaluation of the Cytologic Sample -- Basic Cytologic Responses -- References -- SECTION VI WET MOUNT MICROSCOPY OF FISH -- 24. Wet Mount Microscopy in Fish -- Gill Biopsies -- Mucus Smears and Fin Biopsies -- Ciliate Protozoa -- Flagellate Protozoa -- Myxozoa -- Microsporidians.

Monogeneans.