Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Dedication -- Preface -- About the companion website -- Part I Basic science and principles -- Chapter 1 Wound healing and scar formation -- Type I - Classical cutaneous wound healing -- Wound healing classifications -- Phases of wound healing -- Acute versus chronic wound healing -- Epithelial/epidermal versus mesenchymal/dermal wound healing -- Wound healing and scarring -- Epidermal wound healing -- Dermal wound healing -- 'Normal'/primary incisional wound healing (type Ia) -- 'Normal'/secondary excisional wound healing (type Ib) -- Abnormal wound healing -- Type II - Neoclassical cutaneous wound healing -- 'Supranormal' healing by skin replacement (type IIa) -- 'Supranormal' healing with apparent acceptance of tissue loss (type IIb) -- Fat -- Lymphoedema -- Future -- References -- Chapter 2 Basic skin flaps and blood supply -- Introduction -- Evolution -- Current understanding of the blood supply to skin -- Indications for flaps -- Design and application of flaps -- References -- Chapter 3 Biomaterials and structural fat grafting -- General principles -- Autologous -- Allografts and xenografts -- Alloplastic -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Local anaesthetics -- Introduction -- Physiochemical properties of local anaesthetics -- Pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetics -- Local anaesthetics in clinical practice -- Topical local anaesthetics -- Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity -- Methaemoglobinaemia -- Regional techniques of relevance to plastic surgery -- References -- Chapter 5 Lasers -- Introduction -- Laser physics -- Principles of laser therapy in cutaneous treatment -- Laser modality -- Laser safety -- Types of laser -- Cutaneous side effects of laser treatment -- Laser treatment by lesion type -- Aesthetic applications -- Laser hair removal.

Other indications for laser therapy -- References -- Chapter 6 Tissue expansion -- Background -- Viscoelastic properties of skin -- Tissue changes during expansion -- Types of devices -- Basic incision and design plan -- Advantages and disadvantages of tissue expansion -- Complications -- Future of tissue expansion -- Ten golden rules of expanders -- References -- Chapter 7 Tissue engineering -- Nanotechnology meets tissue engineering -- Pluripotent stem cells in tissue engineering -- Physical characteristics of tissue engineering scaffolds direct cell fate -- Tissue engineering of artificial organs -- Conclusion - Are we there yet? -- References -- Part II Integument -- Chapter 8 Skin structure -- Epidermal structure and differentiation -- Basement membrane -- Dermis -- Embryology -- Skin appendages -- Stem cells -- Fitzpatrick's skin classification -- Ageing skin -- Clinical diseases -- References -- Chapter 9 Melanoma -- Epidemiology -- Risk factors -- Clinical diagnosis -- Biopsy -- Histology -- Staging -- Wide excision -- Sentinel lymph node biopsy -- Lymphadenectomy -- Adjuvant therapy -- Locoregional treatment -- Distant metastases -- Non-cutaneous melanomas -- References -- Chapter 10 Non-melanoma skin cancers -- Basal cell carcinoma -- Squamous cell carcinoma -- Notes on reconstruction -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11 Atypical skin lesions -- Introduction -- Benign lesions -- Unusual malignancies of skin -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 Allotransplantation -- Historical background -- Nomenclature -- Basic transplantation immunology -- Experimental models of allotransplantation -- Clinical applications of allotransplantation -- Outcomes -- Future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 13 Radiation therapy and soft tissue response -- Radiation principles -- Mode of action in malignancies.

Modes of delivery -- Treatment parameters -- Radiation effects -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 14 Burns: acute care and reconstruction -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- The burn team -- Burn classification -- Pathophysiology -- Management -- Burn wound assessment -- Smoke inhalation injury -- Fluid resuscitation -- Ongoing management -- Pain -- Sepsis, antibiotics and topical antimicrobials -- Complications -- Organ dysfunction -- Wound management -- Blood loss -- Operative approach and anatomical considerations -- Wound closure -- Donor sites -- Rehabilitation -- Scar management -- Psychological support -- Burn reconstruction -- The future -- References -- Part III Paediatric plastic surgery and congenital disorders -- Chapter 15 Congenital melanocytic naevi -- Incidence of phenotypic classification -- Histological and clinical appearances of CMN -- Neurological associations of CMN -- Malignant melanoma and CMN -- Genetics of CMN -- Surgical management of CMN -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16 Vascular anomalies -- Vascular tumours -- Vascular malformations -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17 Cleft lip -- Embryology -- Clinical anatomy -- Preoperative assessment -- Presurgical orthopaedics -- Unilateral cleft lip repair -- Bilateral cleft lip repair -- Primary nasal correction -- Postoperative care -- Complications and revision surgery -- Outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 Cleft palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction -- Embryology -- Anatomy -- Submucous cleft palate -- Associated syndromes -- Palatoplasty -- Velopharyngeal dysfunction -- References -- Chapter 19 Congenital ear anomalies -- Ear development -- Prominauris -- Other auricular anomalies -- Microtia -- Reconstruction -- Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum -- Complications -- Alternative reconstructive options -- References.

Chapter 20 Craniofacial clefts -- Aetiology -- Classification -- Diagnostics -- Management principles -- Associated syndromes -- References -- Chapter 21 Craniosynostosis -- History -- Skeletal development -- Craniosynostosis: overview -- Classification of craniosynostosis -- Parameters of care for craniosynostosis -- Radiographic imaging -- Treatment of non-syndromic craniosynostosis -- Treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis -- Functional problems associated with syndromic craniosynostosis -- Surgical management of syndromic craniosynostosis -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 22 Orthognathic surgery -- Introduction -- General assessment -- The orthognathic patient -- Factors influencing the decision to proceed with orthognathic treatment -- Risks of orthodontic treatment -- Presurgical orthodontics -- Presurgical 'work-up' -- Postsurgical orthodontics -- Surgical techniques -- Complications -- Advances in orthognathic surgery -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 23 Facial reanimation -- Introduction -- Anatomy of the facial nerve -- Anatomy of potential donor nerves for facial reanimation -- Anatomy of potential recipient vessels for functional muscle transfers -- Aetiology of facial paralysis -- Clinical examination -- Diagnostic studies -- Management -- Management in adults -- Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Head and neck reconstruction -- Chapter 24 Head and neck malignancy: staging and neck dissections -- Introduction -- Assessment of the patient with head and neck cancer -- Staging -- Neck dissection -- References -- Chapter 25 Oral tongue reconstruction -- The oral tongue: anatomic defect and functional deficit-guided reconstruction -- Normal and postresection altered anatomy and physiology -- Classification systems of anatomic defects -- Goals of surgical reconstruction -- Surgical options -- Defects and reconstruction selection.

Conclusion -- Selected cases -- References -- Chapter 26 Mandibular reconstruction -- Introduction -- Mandibular anatomy -- Mandibular defects -- Segmental mandibular reconstruction: principles and options -- Osseointegration of dental implants -- Non-microsurgical techniques -- Complications and their management -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 27 Maxillary reconstruction -- Introduction -- Reconstruction methods -- Complications and management -- Case studies -- References -- Chapter 28 Pharyngeal reconstruction -- Introduction -- Pathology -- Anatomy -- Indications for surgery and reconstruction -- Classification of pharyngeal defects -- Historical perspectives -- Assessment and planning -- Reconstruction -- Reconstructive options -- Complications and clinical outcomes: Study results -- Management strategies for major flap complications -- Future directions and tissue engineering -- References -- Chapter 29 Skull base reconstruction -- Introduction -- Anatomy and classification -- Pathology -- Principles of management -- Technical consideration -- Complications -- References -- Chapter 30 Cheek reconstruction -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Skeletal -- Layers -- Retaining ligaments -- Muscles -- Blood supply -- Lymphatics -- Nerves -- Aesthetic subunits -- Management -- Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 31 Lip reconstruction -- Anatomy -- Anaesthesia -- Goals of reconstruction -- Aetiology of lip defects -- Analysis of the defect -- Algorithm for reconstruction -- Full-thickness lower lip defect -- Full-thickness upper lip defect -- Commissuroplasty -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 32 Nasal reconstruction -- Introduction -- Surgical anatomy of the nose -- Principles of reconstruction -- Small and superficial defects -- Large and/or deep defects -- Composite and extended defects -- References.

Chapter 33 Eyelid reconstruction.