Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Sustainability of seafood production - challenges and the way forward -- 1.1 Sustainability issues and concerns -- 1.2 The emergence of aquaculture -- 1.2.1 Selecting culture sites -- 1.2.2 Effects of climate change -- 1.2.3 Impact of aquaculture on climate change -- 1.2.4 Adaptation to climate change -- 1.3 Biotechnology intervention -- 1.4 Ecological fisheries-ecological aquaculture synergy -- Chapter 2 Biology of aquaculture animals - learning from nature to manage culture -- 2.1 The aquatic ecosystems -- 2.2 Attributes of aquatic animals for production efficiency -- 2.3 Biological characteristics -- 2.4 Diversity and general organization -- 2.4.1 Molluscs -- 2.4.2 Echinoderms -- 2.4.3 Crustaceans -- 2.4.4 Fish -- 2.5 Selection of species for culture -- 2.5.1 Market demand -- 2.5.2 Tolerance to crowding -- 2.5.3 Feeding habits and nutritional requirements -- 2.5.4 Resistance to environmental variations -- 2.5.5 Disease resistance -- 2.5.6 Captive breeding -- Chapter 3 Fish behaviour and aquaculture -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sensory systems and functions -- 3.2.1 Vision -- 3.2.2 Photopic and scotopic vision -- 3.2.3 Ultraviolet vision -- 3.2.4 Colour vision -- 3.3 Photoreception by the pineal organ -- 3.3.1 Chemoreception by the olfactory organ -- 3.3.2 Chemoreception by taste buds -- 3.3.3 Mechanoreception by the lateral line organ -- 3.3.4 Mechanoreception by the inner ear -- 3.4 Ontogeny of the sense organs in fish larvae -- 3.5 Effect of colour on fish larvae and juveniles in tanks and cages -- 3.6 Preference of fish for colour of prey or feed -- 3.7 Effect of turbidity on fish feeding -- 3.8 Food search, taste preference and feed stimulants -- 3.9 Prey preference of captive tuna -- 3.10 Net collisions of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna in cages.

3.11 Predator attacks and escape of farmed fish from cages -- 3.12 Spawning of broodstocks in cages -- 3.13 Effect of cage design and materials on fish -- 3.14 Effect of cage aquaculture on wild fish -- 3.15 Stress factors for fish sensory systems -- 3.15.1 Total dissolved gas supersaturation and exophthalmia -- 3.15.2 Betanodavirus infections or viral nervous necrosis (VNN) -- 3.15.3 Parasite infections -- 3.15.4 Chemotherapeutants -- 3.15.5 Acidification of natural waters -- 3.15.6 Underwater noise -- 3.15.7 Crowding or high stocking density -- 3.16 Behavioural signs of stress in captive fish -- Chapter 4 Biofouling challenge and management methods in marine aquaculture -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Vulnerability of a floating cage to biofouling -- 4.3 Community structure and colonization of biofouling organisms -- 4.3.1 Diversity of macrofouling assemblages -- 4.3.2 Depth distribution of sessile macrofouling -- 4.3.3 Colonization dynamics and succession of macrofouling organisms -- 4.3.4 Biofouling development and occlusion rates of net mesh size -- 4.4 Factors affecting biofouling assemblages -- 4.4.1 Effect of season -- 4.4.2 Effect of rearing fish -- 4.4.3 Effect of water flow rates -- 4.5 Biofouling prevention and control -- 4.5.1 Siting, design and arrangement of cage units -- 4.5.2 Rearing season -- 4.5.3 Biological control of biofouling organisms -- 4.5.4 Control of biofouling enhancer -- 4.5.5 Biofouling control with non-toxic material -- 4.6 Future research on biofouling -- Chapter 5 Aquaculture, coastal pollution and the environment -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Nutrient release and potential pollution -- 5.2 Practices in developing countries -- 5.2.1 Aquaculture in developing countries -- 5.3 The Cyprus nutrient situation -- 5.3.1 Urban waste water and storm water -- 5.3.2 Industry -- 5.3.3 Aquaculture -- 5.3.4 Agricultural run-off.

5.3.5 Climate change - fisheries, aquaculture and the environment (adapted from CYPADAPT 2014) -- 5.4 Mitigation and control -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Integrated multitrophic aquaculture -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Biofiltration in IMTA -- 6.3 Aquaponics -- 6.4 Recirculating system -- Chapter 7 Significance of blue carbon in ecological aquaculture in the context of interrelated issues: A case study of Costa Rica -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ecosystem services and blue carbon habitats -- 7.3 Mangroves - ecosystem services -- 7.3.1 Provision goods and services -- 7.3.2 Supporting services -- 7.3.3 Regulating services -- 7.3.4 The monetary value of mangrove ecosystem services -- 7.4 Trends conditioning the state of mangroves -- 7.4.1 Pressures -- 7.5 Blue carbon financial and institutional alternatives to command and control policies -- 7.5.1 Blue carbon and aquaculture -- 7.6 Costa Rica: blue carbon potential and institutional profile -- 7.6.1 International regulatory framework -- 7.6.2 National regulatory framework -- 7.6.3 Policy development -- 7.6.4 Constraints and opportunities for blue carbon projects -- 7.7 Market and fund-based mechanisms for mangrove rehabilitation and conservation -- 7.7.1 The Clean Development Mechanism -- 7.7.2 Mangrove conservation via REDD+ -- 7.7.3 Nationally appropriate mitigation actions: mangroves and beyond -- 7.8 Community-based conservation of mangrove ecosystems as an institutional and financial alternative -- 7.8.1 The situation of Central America in general and Costa Rica in specific: evolution toward relating community-based mangrove conservation and sustainable productive activities -- 7.8.2 Community-based mangrove conservation options and sustainable productive activities under REDD+ -- 7.9 Current events in Costa Rican climate change policies.

7.9.1 The Terraba-Sierpe National Wetland in the REDD+ national strategy -- 7.9.2 The new voluntary market opportunities of the carbon board and ban CO2 -- 7.10 A hybrid pioneer experience from the field: the community blue carbon programme promoted by Fundación Neotrópica -- 7.10.1 Developing the building blocks: ECOTICOS and Mangle-Benin -- 7.10.2 New project support and private sector participation -- 7.10.3 Linking the community conservation model with productive activities: ecological aquaculture and tourism -- 7.11 Blue carbon and aquaculture - fine tuning the institutional setting and scientific methods -- 7.11.1 Identify key ecosystems and their potential driver of degradation -- 7.11.2 Address institutional and legislative inefficiencies -- 7.11.3 Promote collaboration between academic, governmental and social organizations -- 7.11.4 Integrate conservation and development policies and measures with alternative institutional mechanisms -- 7.12 Conclusions -- Note -- Chapter 8 Implications of global climate change and aquaculture on blue carbon sequestration and storage: Submerged aquatic ecosystems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Seagrasses and macroalgae -- 8.3 Conceptual models -- 8.3.1 Macroalgal ecosystem attractor -- 8.3.2 Microalgal ecosystem attractor -- 8.3.3 Seagrass ecosystem attractor -- 8.4 Net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB): inputs, outputs, and storage terms -- 8.4.1 Element stoichiometry theory: partitioning the NECB -- 8.5 Blue carbon model parameters -- 8.5.1 Low frequency climatic parameter changes -- 8.6 Climate change effects on the community's blue carbon sequestration and storage -- 8.6.1 Sea level change -- 8.6.2 Storm and flood frequency -- 8.6.3 Changes in water quality: nitrogen, pH, inorganic carbon, and temperature -- 8.6.4 Effects of climate change at the ecosystem level.

8.7 The effects of aquaculture on blue carbon sequestration and storage -- 8.7.1 Shellfish aquaculture -- 8.7.2 Finfish aquaculture -- 8.7.3 Seaweed aquaculture -- 8.8 Gaps in current knowledge -- 8.9 Conclusions -- Notes -- Chapter 9 Knowledge management in modern aquaculture -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Knowledge management ecosystem in aquaculture -- 9.3 Knowledge management systems and tools -- 9.3.1 Brainstorming -- 9.3.2 Knowledge forum -- 9.3.3 Document management and data bases -- 9.3.4 Web-based platforms and social networking services -- 9.3.5 Knowledge blogs -- 9.4 Learning and capturing ideas with modern tools -- 9.4.1 Knowledge café -- 9.4.2 Peer Assist -- 9.4.3 Voice and VOIP -- 9.4.4 Artificial intelligent systems -- 9.4.5 Robotics in aquaculture -- 9.4.6 Knowledge clusters -- 9.5 Knowledge management strategies for aquaculture -- 9.5.1 Role of universities in generating knowledge and critical mass -- 9.5.2 Coproduction of knowledge -- 9.6 Knowledge management for aquaculture incubator centres -- 9.6.1 Requirements for aquaculture incubator centres -- 9.7 Knowledge management for policy making, planning and management -- 9.8 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- EULA.