Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Importance of good health and nutrition before and during pregnancy -- Introduction -- Importance of good maternal health before and during pregnancy -- Link between maternal diet and foetal growth -- Micronutrients most likely to be at risk in pregnancy -- Iron -- Dietary approaches to managing iron status -- How effective are iron supplements in pregnancy? -- Iron supplementation to all 'healthy' pregnant women -- Vitamin D -- Folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects -- Weight gain in pregnancy: what is optimal and how can this weight change be judged? -- Why is excessive gestational weight gain a concern in pregnancy? -- Pre-conception interventions -- Current practice -- Impact of pregnancy and breast feeding on energy requirements -- Underweight and pregnancy outcome -- How can the excessive GWG be challenged? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Nutrition and health in the early years -- Introduction -- Milk feeds for infants -- Initiating, establishing and maintaining breastfeeding -- Responsive feeding -- Formula milk feeding -- Additional fluids -- Complementary feeding -- Age to begin complementary feed -- Foods to offer -- Additional fluids -- Recommended nutrient supplementation for infants -- Children 1-4 years of age -- Bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods -- Fruit and vegetables -- Milk, cheese and yogurt -- Meat, fish, eggs, nuts and pulses -- Foods high in fat and/or sugar -- Drinks -- Meal pattern -- Portion sizes -- Snacks -- Developmental changes in pre-school-aged children -- Neophobia -- Disgust and contamination fears -- Learning to like new foods -- Exacerbating food refusal -- Common nutritional problems in pre-school-aged children -- Impact of socio-economic status.

Putting the evidence into practice -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3 Defining and measuring childhood obesity -- Introduction -- Variations in growth and adiposity with age -- How is adiposity measured in childhood? -- Body composition measures -- How is obesity defined? -- What thresholds should be used? -- What chart tools are available to assess overweight? -- Putting the evidence into practice -- References -- Chapter 4 Early life risk factors for childhood obesity -- Established early life risk factors for childhood obesity -- Early life risk factors for obesity at age 7 years identified by ALSPAC study -- Rapid early growth -- Formula milk feeding in infancy -- Television viewing -- Lack of sleep/disrupted sleep -- Early life risk factors for later obesity not studied in ALSPAC -- Putting the evidence on early life risk factors for childhood obesity into practice -- References -- Chapter 5 Early physical activity and sedentary behaviours -- Introduction -- Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health in the early years -- Tracking of physical activity and sedentary behaviour -- Recommendations on levels of physical activity -- Recommendations on levels of screen-based entertainment -- Recommendations on levels of sedentary behaviour -- Summary of recommendations -- Conclusion -- Putting the evidence into practice -- Promoting physical activity in a child care setting -- How a health professional can advise parents about reducing screen time -- References -- Chapter 6 Talking about weight with families -- Introduction -- What makes childhood obesity a sensitive issue? -- Perceptions of child obesity and the challenge of identification -- The impact of screening programmes -- General principles of handling sensitive conversations -- Establishing lines of communication -- Purposive use of language.

Addressing areas of particular sensitivity in weight-related conversations -- Addressing weight stigma and avoiding unintentional stigmatisation -- Addressing fears associated with psychological harm -- Beyond identification -- References -- Chapter 7 Parenting strategies for healthy weight in childhood -- Introduction -- Influence of parents on family eating styles, food and physical activity habits and sedentary behaviours -- Parent-specific factors -- Child-specific factors -- Parent-child interaction -- Parent engagement -- References -- Chapter 8 Pre-school prevention interventions -- Introduction -- Family approach -- Availability and accessibility of food -- Responsive feeding -- Healthy eating -- Energy-dense foods -- Drinks -- Portion sizes -- Regular meals -- Physical activity and sedentary behaviour -- Obesity prevention and early years settings -- References -- Chapter 9 Contribution of food provision in primary schools to the prevention of childhood obesity -- Introduction -- The United States Department of Agriculture -- School-feeding programmes are opportune places to address nutrition-related concerns -- Lunches brought from home -- Initiatives to improve the school environment -- Healthier US Schools Challenge -- Initiatives to improve the family and community environment: Kids Eat Right -- Community-based programmes -- References -- Chapter 10 Early clinical interventions and outcomes -- Introduction -- Clinical assessment and outcomes -- Clinical assessment -- Anthropometry -- Markers of outcome success -- Treatment strategies -- Overview -- Key elements of treatment -- Challenges in providing clinical services to obese children -- Child protection issues and severe obesity -- Suggested framework -- References -- Index -- EULA.