
Novel Process Windows : Innovative Gates to Intensified and Sustainable Chemical Processes.
Title:
Novel Process Windows : Innovative Gates to Intensified and Sustainable Chemical Processes.
Author:
Hessel, Volker.
ISBN:
9783527654857
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (343 pages)
Contents:
Novel ProcessWindows -- Contents -- Motivation - Who should read the book!? -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Nomenclature -- Chapter 1 From Green Chemistry to Green Engineering - Fostered by Novel Process Windows Explored in Micro-Process Engineering/Flow Chemistry -- 1.1 Prelude - Potential for Green Chemistry and Engineering -- 1.2 Green Chemistry -- 1.2.1 12 Principles in Green Chemistry -- 1.3 Green Engineering -- 1.3.1 10 Key Research Areas in Green Engineering -- 1.3.2 12 Principles in Chemical Product Design -- 1.4 Micro- and Milli-Process Technologies -- 1.4.1 Microreactors -- 1.4.2 Microstructured Reactors -- 1.5 Flow Chemistry -- 1.5.1 10 Key Research Areas in Flow Chemistry -- 1.6 Two Missing Links - Cross-Related -- References -- Chapter 2 Novel Process Windows -- 2.1 Transport Intensification - The Potential of Reaction Engineering -- 2.2 Chemical Reactivity in Match or Mismatch to Intensified Engineering -- 2.3 Chemical Intensification through Harsh Conditions - Novel Process Windows -- 2.4 Flash Chemistry -- 2.5 Process-Design Intensification -- References -- Chapter 3 Chemical Intensification - Fundamentals -- 3.1 Length Scale -- 3.2 Time Scale -- 3.3 Length and Time Scale of Chemical Reactions -- 3.3.1 Solution of Kinetic Equations -- 3.3.2 Reaction Time and Reaction Classification -- 3.3.3 Example for Reaction Time and Residence Time -- 3.4 Temperature Intensification -- 3.4.1 Harsh Process Conditions -- 3.4.2 New Temperature Windows -- 3.4.3 Reaction Rate - Arrhenius Equation -- 3.5 Pressure Intensification -- 3.5.1 Reaction Rate - Activation Volumes -- 3.5.2 Equilibrium -- 3.5.3 Electron Kinetic Energy -- 3.5.4 Material Properties -- 3.5.5 Mixture Properties -- 3.5.6 Illustration of Pressure Effect on Selected Chemical Reactions -- References.
Chapter 4 Making Use of the "Forbidden" - Ex-Regime/High Safety Processing -- 4.1 Hazardous Reactants and Intermediates -- 4.1.1 Tetrazole Formation -- 4.1.2 Strecker Synthesis -- 4.1.3 Phosgene Chemistry -- 4.1.4 Diazomethane Synthesis -- 4.1.5 Ozonolysis -- 4.1.6 Organic Peroxide Formation -- 4.2 Ex-Regime and Thermal Runaway Processing -- 4.2.1 Oxidation -- 4.2.2 Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis -- 4.2.3 Direct Fluorination -- 4.2.4 Ionic Liquid Synthesis -- 4.2.5 Moffatt-Swern Oxidation -- 4.2.6 Reaction Between Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid and Oleum -- 4.2.7 Nitration of Toluene -- 4.2.8 Aromatic Amidoxime Formation -- 4.2.9 Decarboxylative Trichloromethylation of Aromatic Aldehydes -- 4.2.10 Dihydroxylation Reactions with Nanobrush-Immobilized OsO4 -- References -- Chapter 5 Exploring New Paths - New Chemical Transformations -- 5.1 Direct Syntheses via One Step -- 5.1.1 Fluorination with Elemental Fluorine -- 5.1.2 Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis out of the Elements -- 5.1.3 Direct Aryllithiums Route -- 5.1.4 C-O Bond Formation by a Direct α-C-H Bond Activation -- 5.1.5 Direct Adipic Acid Route from Cyclohexene -- 5.1.6 New Biocatalytic Pathways without Protecting Groups - Inter-Glycosidic Condensation -- 5.2 Direct Syntheses via Multicomponent Reactions -- 5.2.1 "Odor-Sealed" Isocyanide Formation -- 5.3 Multistep One-Flow Syntheses -- 5.4 Multistep Syntheses in One Microreactor/Chip -- 5.4.1 Multistep Synthesis of [18F]-Radiolabeled Molecular Imaging Probe -- 5.4.2 Combining Asymmetric Organocatalysis and Analysis on a Single Microchip -- 5.4.3 Two-Step Strecker Reaction -- 5.5 Multistep Syntheses in Coupled Microreactors/Chips -- 5.5.1 Chlorohydrination of Allyl Chloride -- 5.5.2 Lithiation/Borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling.
5.5.3 Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling-Phenols-Aryl Triflates-Biaryls -- 5.5.4 Ring-Closing Metathesis and Heck Reaction -- 5.5.5 Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic Acids in Two Steps -- 5.5.6 Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling/Hydrogenation -- 5.5.7 Sodium Nitrotetrazolate - Diazonium Ion Formation/Sandmeyer Reaction -- 5.5.8 Murahashi Coupling/Br-Li Exchange -- 5.5.9 5′-Deoxyribonucleoside Glycosylation -- 5.5.10 Two-Carbon Homologation of Esters to α,β-Unsaturated Esters -- 5.5.11 Low-Pressure Carbonylations with Acids as CO Precursors -- 5.5.12 Coupled Microreactor-Purification-Analytics for δ-Opioid Receptor Agonist -- 5.5.13 Synthesis of TAC-101 Analogs -- 5.5.14 Multistep Enzymatic Synthesis to 2-Amino-1,3,4-Butanetriol -- 5.5.15 Multistep Enzymatic Synthesis to δ-d-Gluconolactone -- 5.5.16 Diarylethene Synthesis in Two Steps -- References -- Chapter 6 Activate - High-T Processing -- 6.1 Tailored High-T Microreactor Design and Fabrication -- 6.1.1 Glass Capillary Coil in Ceramic Housing -- 6.1.2 Modularly Packaged Silicon Microreactor -- 6.1.3 Modular Thermal Platform for High-Temperature Flow Reactions -- 6.2 Cryogenic to Ambient - Allowing Fast Reactions to be Fast -- 6.2.1 Synthesis of Triflates for the Heck Alkenylation -- 6.2.2 Enantioselective 1,4-Addition of Enones -- 6.2.3 Swern-Moffatt Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol -- 6.2.4 Tf2NH-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition -- 6.3 From Reflux to Superheated - Speeding-Up Reactions -- 6.3.1 Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction -- 6.3.2 C-F Bond Formation -- 6.3.3 NMP Radical Polymerization of Styrene -- 6.3.4 Noncatalytic Claisen Rearrangement -- 6.3.5 Nucleophilic Substitution of Difluoro-benzenes -- 6.3.6 Aminolysis of Epoxides -- 6.3.7 Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles.
6.3.8 2-Methylbenzimidazole Formation, 3,5-Dimethyl-1-Phenylpyrazole Formation, and Diels-Alder Cycloaddition - Benchmarking High-p,t Flow to Microwave -- 6.3.9 Fischer Indole Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazole -- 6.3.10 Thermal Hydrolysis of Triglycerides -- 6.3.11 Chlorodehydroxylation to n-Alkyl Chlorides -- 6.3.12 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles via N-Acylation of 5-Substituted Tetrazoles -- 6.3.13 Cobalt-Catalyzed Borohydride Reduction of Tetralone -- 6.3.14 Dimethylcarbonate Methylation -- 6.3.15 Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Iron Oxide Nano-/TEMPO Catalyst -- 6.3.16 Rufinamide Synthesis -- 6.3.17 Several High-T, High-p Processes -- 6.3.18 Click Chemistry -- 6.3.19 4-(Pyrazol-1-yl) Carboxanilide Multistep Synthesis -- 6.3.20 4-Hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone Synthesis -- 6.3.21 Hydrothermal Treatment of Glucose -- 6.3.22 Tetrahydroisoquinoline Synthesis -- 6.4 Solvent-Scope Widening by Virtue of Pressurizing Existing High-T Reactions -- 6.4.1 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2-Halopyridines -- 6.4.2 Intramolecular Thermal Cyclization and Benzannulation -- 6.4.3 Catalyst-Free Transesterification and Esterification of Aliphatic and Aromatic Acids -- 6.4.4 Aminolysis of Epoxides -- 6.5 New Temperature Field for Product and Material Control -- 6.5.1 Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation -- 6.5.2 Aminolysis of Epoxides -- 6.5.3 Flash Flow Pyrolysis -- 6.5.4 Indium Phosphide Nanocrystal -- 6.5.5 Quantum Dot Synthesis -- 6.5.6 High-T Flow Cycloaddition to Fullerene Derivatives -- 6.6 Energy Activation Other than Temperature - Photo, Electrochemical, Plasma -- 6.6.1 Photo-Oxygenation of Dimethylsulfide -- 6.6.2 Microwave Flow Reactor for Stable High-p,T Operation -- References -- Chapter 7 Press - High-p Processing -- 7.1 Tailored High-p Microreactor Design and Fabrication.
7.1.1 Solder-Based Silicon Microsystem -- 7.1.2 In-Plane Fiber-Based Interfaced Microreactor -- 7.2 High Pressure to Intensify Interfacial Transport in Gas-Liquid Reactions -- 7.2.1 Hydrogenation of Cyclohexane -- 7.2.2 Carbamic Acid Formation -- 7.2.3 Intramolecular Aldol Condensation to 1-Methyl-1-cyclopenten-3-one -- 7.2.4 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetone -- 7.2.5 Propylene Oxide Synthesis -- 7.2.6 Asymmetric Amino-2-indanol Hydrogenation -- 7.2.7 Hydrogen Gas Liquefication in Guaiacol Conversion (hydroprocessing) -- 7.3 Pressure as Direct Means - Activation Volume Effects and More -- 7.3.1 Claisen Rearrangement -- 7.3.2 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Three p-Halonitrobenzenes -- 7.3.3 Diels-Alder Reaction with Furylmethanols and Cyclopentadiene -- 7.3.4 Aza Diels-Alder Reaction -- 7.3.5 Esterification of Phthalic Anhydride -- 7.4 Pressure for Advanced Fluidic Studies - to be Used for Shaping Materials and More -- 7.4.1 scCO2 Droplets or Jets in Liquid Water -- References -- Chapter 8 Collide and Slide - High-c and Tailored-Solvent Processing -- 8.1 Batch Process-Based Inspirations for High-c Flow Processes -- 8.1.1 Polypropylene and Polycarbonate Polymerizations -- 8.1.2 Enantioselective Thermal and Photochemical Solid-State Reaction -- 8.2 Solvent-Free or Solvent-Less Operation - "Highest-c" -- 8.2.1 Bromination of 3-Bromo-imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine -- 8.2.2 Thiophene Bromination -- 8.2.3 Claisen Rearrangement of Substituted Phenyl Phenols -- 8.2.4 Michael Addition -- 8.2.5 Peroxidation of Methyl Ethyl Ketone -- 8.2.6 Beckmann Rearrangement (High-c) -- 8.2.7 [2+2] Photocycloaddition of a Chiral Cyclohexenone (High-c) -- 8.2.8 Bromination of Toluene (Solvent-Free) -- 8.2.9 Sulfonation of Nitrobenzene (Solvent-Free) -- 8.2.10 Synthesis of Nitro Herbicides (High-c, Solvent-Free).
8.2.11 Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction over Sol-Gel Entrapped Catalyst SiliaCat DPP-Pd.
Abstract:
This book introduces the concept of novel process windows, focusing on cost improvements, safety, energy and eco-efficiency throughout each step of the process. The first part presents the new reactor and process-related technologies, introducing the potential and benefit analysis. The core of the book details scenarios for unusual parameter sets and the new holistic and systemic approach to processing, while the final part analyses the implications for green and cost-efficient processing. With its practical approach, this is invaluable reading for those working in the pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, fuels and oils industries.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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