Roots of Empire: Forests and State Power in Early Modern Spain,c.1500-1750 -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Maps, Figures, and Tables -- Introducing Spanish State Forestry -- The Widow's Oak and the Spanish State in the Valley of Carriedo -- The Politics of Wood Shortage Fears in the Early Modern World -- Spanish Forest Landscapes from Prehistory to the Reconquest -- Plan of the Work -- 1 A New State Forestry for the First Global Age -- Crown and Forests, Redefined -- Spanish Forest Landscapes from the Reconquest to the Habsburgs -- Medieval Forest Regulations and Naval Power in the Reign of Carlos I (1516-1556) -- A New Era of Naval Strategy in the Reign of Felipe II (1556-1598) -- Forests and the Collection of Geographic Knowledge -- The Relaciones -- Mapping Projects -- Forests and the State Bureaucracy -- The Enterprise of England: Recovery and Response -- 2 Forests of the Ultramar -- Colonial Forest Territoriality in the Sixteenth Century -- Geographic Knowledge Channels Across the Atlantic -- Spanish Shipbuilding in the Old and New Worlds -- Regulating Colonial Forest Use in the Sixteenth Century -- Realejo, Guayaquil, and the Pacific Coastal Region -- Havana and the Caribbean Region -- Cavite and the Philippines -- Naval Forestry and Imperial Rivalries -- 3 The Struggle to Stay Afloat in the Seventeenth Century -- Transition and Persistence in Spanish Forests under the Later Habsburgs -- State Forestry in Times of Peace and Global Conflict in the Early 1600s -- To a New Generation of Forest Inspectors: Barros's Letter to Riva Herrera -- The Formation of Forest Superintendent Dynasties -- The Waning of Spanish Imperial Might -- Toribio Pérez de Bustamante's Instrucción of 1650 -- Colonial Forest Territoriality in the Seventeenth Century -- Havana and the Caribbean Region -- Guayaquil and the Pacific Coastal Region.

Cavite and the Philippines -- Habsburg State Forestry in an Era of Naval Decline -- 4 Bottoming Out and Revival under the First Bourbon, 1700-1746 -- Expansion of State Forestry in the Reign of Felipe V (1700-1746) -- Voices for Reform from the North Coast -- Patiño's Tenure and the Reestablishment of the Almirantazgo -- Forest Reconnaissance in the Naval Departments of Ferrol, Cartagena, and Cádiz -- Ferrol -- Cartagena -- Cádiz -- The Forest Inspections of Juan Valdés y Castro in Segura and Catalonia -- Segura -- Catalonia -- Colonial Forest Territoriality in the Eighteenth Century -- Accomplishments of Felipe V's Reign -- 5 The Triumph of State Forestry: 1748-1754 -- Ensenada's Push for Peace and Naval Revival, 1743-1748 -- Spain's Naval Forest Conservation Ordinance of January 31, 1748 -- Inspections -- Planting -- Fines and Licenses -- Benefits -- Territoriality -- Other Forest Legislation, 1748-1751 -- Resistance to the New Legislation -- Forest Inspection Reports after 1748 -- Interior Forest Reports -- Naval Forest Reports -- Other Reforms and Ensenada's Fall from Power, 1749-1754 -- Accomplishments of Fernando VI's Reign (1746-1759) -- General Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.