Contents -- List of Acronyms -- List of Tables -- List of Illustrations -- Chronology of Major Political Events -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The State of Research in Early Modern Uyghur National Consciousness -- Research Objectives -- Sources and Methodology -- Terminology and Transcriptions -- Chapter 1 Protonational Identity and Interest (c. 1900) -- 1.1 Qing Administration and Muslim Rebellion (1759-1878) -- 1.2 Historiography of Molla Musa Sayrami (1900s) -- 1.3 Chapter Summary -- Chapter 2 Emergence of the National Idea and National Agitation (1910s-1920s) -- 2.1 The Late Qing (1878-1912) and Early Republican (1912-33) Administrations -- 2.2 Origins of Turkic Modernity and Nation-Formation Processes -- 2.3 Uyghur National Idea in Russo-Soviet Central Asia -- 2.4 National Agitation by Xinjiang Turkic Intelligentsia -- 2.5 Chapter Summary -- Chapter 3 Politicization of National Discourse (1930s) -- 3.1 Turkic Insurgency (1930-34) -- 3.2 Administration of Sheng Shicai (1934-44) -- 3.3 Chapter Summary -- Chapter 4 The Significance of a National Boundary in Flux (1930s and 1940s) -- 4.1 Republican Turkic Nationalism (1930s-49) -- 4.2 The Three Districts' Revolution (1944-49) -- 4.3 Chapter Summary -- Chapter 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.