Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Chapter 1 Foundations of Pyrodynamics -- 1.1 Heat and Pressure -- 1.1.1 First Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.1.2 Specific Heat -- 1.1.3 Entropy Change -- 1.2 Thermodynamics in a Flow Field -- 1.2.1 One-Dimensional Steady-State Flow -- 1.2.1.1 Sonic Velocity and Mach Number -- 1.2.1.2 Conservation Equations in a Flow Field -- 1.2.1.3 Stagnation Point -- 1.2.2 Formation of Shock Waves -- 1.2.3 Supersonic Nozzle Flow -- 1.3 Formation of Propulsive Forces -- 1.3.1 Momentum Change and Thrust -- 1.3.2 Rocket Propulsion -- 1.3.2.1 Thrust Coefficient -- 1.3.2.2 Characteristic Velocity -- 1.3.2.3 Specific Impulse -- 1.3.3 Gun Propulsion -- 1.3.3.1 Thermochemical Process of Gun Propulsion -- 1.3.3.2 Internal Ballistics -- 1.4 Formation of Destructive Forces -- 1.4.1 Pressure and Shock Wave -- 1.4.2 Shock Wave Propagation and Reflection in Solid Materials -- References -- Chapter 2 Thermochemistry of Combustion -- 2.1 Generation of Heat Energy -- 2.1.1 Chemical Bond Energy -- 2.1.2 Heat of Formation and Heat of Explosion -- 2.1.3 Thermal Equilibrium -- 2.2 Adiabatic Flame Temperature -- 2.3 Chemical Reaction -- 2.3.1 Thermal Dissociation -- 2.3.2 Reaction Rate -- 2.4 Evaluation of Chemical Energy -- 2.4.1 Heats of Formation of Reactants and Products -- 2.4.2 Oxygen Balance -- 2.4.3 Thermodynamic Energy -- References -- Chapter 3 Combustion Wave Propagation -- 3.1 Combustion Reactions -- 3.1.1 Ignition and Combustion -- 3.1.2 Premixed and Diffusion Flames -- 3.1.3 Laminar and Turbulent Flames -- 3.2 Combustion Wave of a Premixed Gas -- 3.2.1 Governing Equations for the Combustion Wave -- 3.2.2 Rankine-Hugoniot Relationships -- 3.2.3 Chapman-Jouguet Points -- 3.3 Structures of Combustion Waves.

3.3.1 Detonation Wave -- 3.3.2 Deflagration Wave -- 3.4 Ignition Reactions -- 3.4.1 The Ignition Process -- 3.4.2 Thermal Theory of Ignition -- 3.4.3 Flammability Limit -- 3.5 Combustion Waves of Energetic Materials -- 3.5.1 Thermal Theory of Burning Rate -- 3.5.1.1 Thermal Model of Combustion Wave Structure -- 3.5.1.2 Thermal Structure in the Condensed Phase -- 3.5.1.3 Thermal Structure in the Gas Phase -- 3.5.1.4 Burning Rate Model -- 3.5.2 Flame Stand-Off Distance -- 3.5.3 Burning Rate Characteristics of Energetic Materials -- 3.5.3.1 Pressure Exponent of Burning Rate -- 3.5.3.2 Temperature Sensitivity of Burning Rate -- 3.5.4 Analysis of Temperature Sensitivity of Burning Rate -- 3.5.5 Chemical Reaction Rate in Combustion Wave -- References -- Chapter 4 Energetics of Propellants and Explosives -- 4.1 Crystalline Materials -- 4.1.1 Physicochemical Properties of Crystalline Materials -- 4.1.2 Perchlorates -- 4.1.2.1 Ammonium Perchlorate -- 4.1.2.2 Nitronium Perchlorate -- 4.1.2.3 Potassium Perchlorate -- 4.1.3 Nitrates -- 4.1.3.1 Ammonium Nitrate -- 4.1.3.2 Potassium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrate -- 4.1.3.3 Pentaerythrol Tetranitrate -- 4.1.3.4 Triaminoguanidine Nitrate -- 4.1.4 Nitro Compounds -- 4.1.5 Nitramines -- 4.2 Polymeric Materials -- 4.2.1 Physicochemical Properties of Polymeric Materials -- 4.2.2 Nitrate Esters -- 4.2.3 Inert Polymers -- 4.2.4 Azide Polymers -- 4.2.4.1 GAP -- 4.2.4.2 BAMO -- 4.3 Classification of Propellants and Explosives -- 4.4 Formulation of Propellants -- 4.5 Nitropolymer Propellants -- 4.5.1 Single-Base Propellants -- 4.5.2 Double-Base Propellants -- 4.5.2.1 NC-NG Propellants -- 4.5.2.2 NC-TMETN Propellants -- 4.5.2.3 Nitro-Azide Polymer Propellants -- 4.5.2.4 Chemical Materials of Double-Base Propellants -- 4.6 Composite Propellants -- 4.6.1 AP Composite Propellants.

4.6.1.1 AP-HTPB Propellants -- 4.6.1.2 AP-GAP Propellants -- 4.6.1.3 Chemical Materials of AP Composite Propellants -- 4.6.2 AN Composite Propellants -- 4.6.3 Nitramine Composite Propellants -- 4.6.4 HNF Composite Propellants -- 4.6.5 TAGN Composite Propellants -- 4.7 Composite-Modified Double-Base Propellants -- 4.7.1 AP-CMDB Propellants -- 4.7.2 Nitramine CMDB Propellants -- 4.7.3 Triple-Base Propellants -- 4.8 Black Powder -- 4.9 Formulation of Explosives -- 4.9.1 Industrial Explosives -- 4.9.1.1 ANFO Explosives -- 4.9.1.2 Slurry Explosives -- 4.9.2 Military Explosives -- 4.9.2.1 TNT-Based Explosives -- 4.9.2.2 Plastic-Bonded Explosives -- References -- Chapter 5 Combustion of Crystalline and Polymeric Materials -- 5.1 Combustion of Crystalline Materials -- 5.1.1 Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) -- 5.1.1.1 Thermal Decomposition -- 5.1.1.2 Burning Rate -- 5.1.1.3 Combustion Wave Structure -- 5.1.2 Ammonium Nitrate (AN) -- 5.1.2.1 Thermal Decomposition -- 5.1.3 HMX -- 5.1.3.1 Thermal Decomposition -- 5.1.3.2 Burning Rate -- 5.1.3.3 Gas-Phase Reaction -- 5.1.3.4 Combustion Wave Structure and Heat Transfer -- 5.1.4 Triaminoguanidine Nitrate (TAGN) -- 5.1.4.1 Thermal Decomposition -- 5.1.4.2 Burning Rate -- 5.1.4.3 Combustion Wave Structure and Heat Transfer -- 5.1.5 ADN (Ammonium Dinitramide) -- 5.1.6 HNF (Hydrazinium Nitroformate) -- 5.2 Combustion of Polymeric Materials -- 5.2.1 Nitrate Esters -- 5.2.1.1 Decomposition of Methyl Nitrate -- 5.2.1.2 Decomposition of Ethyl Nitrate -- 5.2.1.3 Overall Decomposition Process of Nitrate Esters -- 5.2.1.4 Gas-Phase Reactions of NO_2 and NO -- 5.2.2 Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) -- 5.2.2.1 Thermal Decomposition and Burning Rate -- 5.2.2.2 Combustion Wave Structure -- 5.2.3 Bis-azide Methyl Oxetane (BAMO) -- 5.2.3.1 Thermal Decomposition and Burning Rate.

5.2.3.2 Combustion Wave Structure and Heat Transfer -- References -- Chapter 6 Combustion of Double-Base Propellants -- 6.1 Combustion of NC-NG Propellants -- 6.1.1 Burning Rate Characteristics -- 6.1.2 Combustion Wave Structure -- 6.1.2.1 Gas-Phase Reaction Zones -- 6.1.2.2 A Simplified Reaction Model in Fizz Zone -- 6.1.3 Burning Rate Model -- 6.1.3.1 Model for Heat Feedback from the Gas Phase to the Condensed Phase -- 6.1.3.2 Burning Rate Calculated by a Simplified Gas-Phase Model -- 6.1.4 Energetics of the Gas Phase and Burning Rate -- 6.1.5 Temperature Sensitivity of Burning Rate -- 6.2 Combustion of NC-TMETN Propellants -- 6.2.1 Burning Rate Characteristics -- 6.2.2 Combustion Wave Structure -- 6.3 Combustion of Nitro-Azide Propellants -- 6.3.1 Burning Rate Characteristics -- 6.3.2 Combustion Wave Structure -- 6.4 Catalyzed Double-Base Propellants -- 6.4.1 Super-Rate, Plateau, and Mesa Burning -- 6.4.2 Effects of Lead Catalysts -- 6.4.2.1 Burning Rate Behavior of Catalyzed Liquid Nitrate Esters -- 6.4.2.2 Effect of Lead Compounds on Gas-Phase Reactions -- 6.4.3 Combustion of Catalyzed Double-Base Propellants -- 6.4.3.1 Burning Rate Characteristics -- 6.4.3.2 Reaction Mechanism in the Dark Zone -- 6.4.3.3 Reaction Mechanism in the Fizz Zone Structure -- 6.4.4 Combustion Models of Super-Rate, Plateau, and Mesa Burning -- 6.4.5 LiF-Catalyzed Double-Base Propellants -- 6.4.6 Ni-Catalyzed Double-Base Propellants -- 6.4.7 Suppression of Super-Rate and Plateau Burning -- References -- Chapter 7 Combustion of Composite Propellants -- 7.1 AP Composite Propellants -- 7.1.1 Combustion Wave Structure -- 7.1.1.1 Premixed Flame of AP Particles and Diffusion Flame -- 7.1.1.2 Burning Rate Model of Granular Diffusion Theory.

7.1.1.3 Combustion Wave Structure of Oxidizer-Rich AP Propellants -- 7.1.2 Burning Rate Characteristics -- 7.1.2.1 Effect of AP Particle Size -- 7.1.2.2 Effect of the Binder -- 7.1.2.3 Temperature Sensitivity -- 7.1.3 Catalyzed AP Composite Propellants -- 7.1.3.1 Positive Catalysts -- 7.1.3.2 LiF Negative Catalyst -- 7.1.3.3 SrCO_3 Negative Catalyst -- 7.2 Nitramine Composite Propellants -- 7.2.1 Burning Rate Characteristics -- 7.2.1.1 Effect of Nitramine Particle Size -- 7.2.1.2 Effect of Binder -- 7.2.2 Combustion Wave Structure -- 7.2.3 HMX-GAP Propellants -- 7.2.3.1 Physicochemical Properties of Propellants -- 7.2.3.2 Burning Rate and Combustion Wave Structure -- 7.2.4 Catalyzed Nitramine Composite Propellants -- 7.2.4.1 Super-Rate Burning of HMX Composite Propellants -- 7.2.4.2 Super-Rate Burning of HMX-GAP Propellants -- 7.2.4.3 LiF Catalysts for Super-Rate Burning -- 7.2.4.4 Catalyst Action of LiF on Combustion Wave -- 7.3 AP-Nitramine Composite Propellants -- 7.3.1 Theoretical Performance -- 7.3.2 Burning Rate -- 7.3.2.1 Effects of AP/RDX Mixture Ratio and Particle Size -- 7.3.2.2 Effect of Binder -- 7.4 TAGN-GAP Composite Propellants -- 7.4.1 Physicochemical Characteristics -- 7.4.2 Burning Rate and Combustion Wave Structure -- 7.5 AN-Azide Polymer Composite Propellants -- 7.5.1 AN-GAP Composite Propellants -- 7.5.2 AN-(BAMO-AMMO)-HMX Composite Propellants -- 7.6 AP-GAP Composite Propellants -- 7.7 ADN, HNF, and HNIW Composite Propellants -- References -- Chapter 8 Combustion of CMDB Propellants -- 8.1 Characteristics of CMDB Propellants -- 8.2 AP-CMDB Propellants -- 8.2.1 Flame Structure and Combustion Mode -- 8.2.2 Burning Rate Models -- 8.3 Nitramine-CMDB Propellants -- 8.3.1 Flame Structure and Combustion Mode -- 8.3.2 Burning Rate Characteristics -- 8.3.3 Thermal Wave Structure.

8.3.4 Burning Rate Model.