Cover -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Chapter One -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Approach -- 1.3 Terminologies -- Chapter Two: Theories of Change -- 2.1 Religious Belief and Ritual Practices -- 2.2 Social Change and religion -- 2.3 Theories of Religious Change -- 2.4 Religious Changes and African Traditional Religion -- 2.5 Modern Changes in African Traditional Religions -- Chapter Three: The Emu People -- 3.0 Geographical Location -- 3.1 The Origin of the People -- 3.2 Emu Worldview -- 3.3 Olonemu -- 3.4 Nze -- 3.5 Ani -- 3.6 Ossai -- 3.7 Odede -- 3.8 Ikenga -- 3.9 Olokoto -- 3.10 Igba -- 3.11 Umuada -- 3.12 Nde-Iche -- 3.13 Political Structure of the Emu People -- 3.14 Social life and Calendar of Festivities -- 3.14.1 Ukwuata Festival -- 3.14.2 Ikenge Festival -- 3.14.3 Ite-Otite Festival -- 3.15 Social Values -- 3.16 Economic Background -- Chapter Four: Medicine and Medicinal Ritual in Emu -- 4.1 The Supernatural Elements of Medicine -- 4.2 The Medicinal Element of Medicine -- 4.3 The Ritual Elements of Medicine -- 4.4 The Spell Elements of Medicine -- 4.5 The "Taboo" Elements of Medicine -- 4.6 Witchcraft and Sorcery -- 4.7 Divination -- 4.7.1 Classification of Medicine and Ritual Practices in Emu -- 4.8 Productive Medicine -- 4.8.1 Ogwu Afia-Okeawuli: (Medicine for Trade) -- 4.8.2 Ogwu Isorlu Ibe Mmalu: (Medicine for Love) -- 4.8.3 Ogwu Akonuche: (Medicine for Memory) -- 4.8.4 Ogwu Mmili: (Rain Medicine) -- 4.9 Therapeutic Medicine -- 4.9.1 Ogwu Efo-Olinwa: (Medicine for Stomach Ache) -- 4.9.2 Ogwu Ibele Orenu-ku: (Medicine against Veneral Disease) -- 4.9.3 Ogwu Mmo Ni Mmalu Afu Enya: (Medicine to Keep a Dying Man Awake) -- 4.9.4 Ogwu Ikpefu Onwu Mmalu: (Medicine to Postpone Death) -- 4.9.5 Ogwu Enya Enu: (Medicine to Cure Mental Illness) -- 4.9.6 Ogwu emo na liali ne esu mmalu(Medicine for Undefined Sickness).

4.9.7 Ogwu Iwofu Ngbashi: (Medicine to Remove Poison) -- 4.10 Protective Medicine -- 4.10.1 Ogwu nkpashi: (Protection from Destructive Medicine) -- 4.10.2 Aju Ogwu: (Medicine against General Poison) -- 4.10.3 Ogwu Nkpokwa: (Antidote for Destructive Medicine) -- 4.10.4 Ogwu Ashima: (Medicine that grants Premonition) -- 4.10.5 Ogwu Njo Puazo: (Medicine to Avert Evil Forces) -- 4.10.6 Ogwu Mma: Preotective Medicine against Cutlass and Knife attacks (1) -- 4.10.6b Ogwu Mma: Protective Medicine against Cutlass and Knife attacks (2) -- 4.10.7 Ogwu Mma Nbubu: Medicine against Cutlass Medicine -- 4.10.8 Ogwu Egbe Ufie: Medicine against Wounds Sustained from Gunshot -- 4.11 Destructive Medicine -- 4.11.1 Ogwu Igba Nkpa: (Poison) -- 4.11.2 Ogwu Eti Ada: (Hit and make a person fall to the ground) -- 4.11.3 Ogwu Ibo Mmalu Onti: (Medicine to Cause Madness) -- 4.11.4 Ogwu Akpanya-ga (Medicine to create confusion) -- 4.12 Medicine with dual functions -- 4.12.1 Ogwu Iwa Ugboko: Medicine of Command in the Forest -- 4.12.2 Ogwu Odor: (Medicine to Recall Someone) -- Chapter Five: Ritual Symbolism in Emu Ritual Practices -- 5.1 The Medicine Man -- 5.2 The Training of a Dibie -- 5.2.1 The Functions of a Dibie -- 5.3 Ritual Symbols and their Meanings in Emu Medicine -- 5.3.1 Medicine for Trade: Ogwu Afia Okeawuli -- 5.3.2 Medicine for Love: Ogwu Isorlu obe Mmalu -- 5.3.3 Medicine to aid Memory: Ogwu Akonuche -- 5.3.4 Medicine to Ward off Rain: Ogwu Ifemmili -- 5.4 Ritual Symbolism in Therapeutic Medicines -- 5.4.1 Medicine to Cure Belly Ache: Ogwu Efo Olinwa -- 5.4.2 Medicine to Cure Venereal Diseases: Ogwu Emo Uku Igbele -- 5.4.3 Medicine to Keep a Dying Man Awake: Mmuo niMmalu afu enya -- 5.4.4 Medicine to Cure the Mentally Ill: Ogwu Enya Enu -- 5.5 Ritual Symbols in Protective Medicines -- 5.5.1 Protective Medicine against Poison: Aju Ogwu.

5.5.2 Medicine against Destructive Medicine: Ogwu Nkpokwa -- 5.5.3 Medicine to Prevent Evil Occurrence: Njo Puazu -- 5.5.4 Medicine for Cutlass and Knife Protection: Ogwu Mma -- 5.5.5 Medicine for Gunshot Protection: Ogwu Egbe Ufie -- 5.6 Ritual Symbols and their meanings in Destructive Medicines -- 5.6.1 Medicine to 'Shoot' Poison: Ogwu Igba Nkpa -- Chapter Six: Continuity and Change in Emu World View -- 6.1 Change and Continuity in the Beliefs and Rituals concerning Olor -- 6.2 Continuity and Change in the Beliefs and Rituals Concerning Nze -- 6.3 The Oyiwa -- 6.4 Change and Continuity in the Beliefs and Rituals Concerning Ani -- 6.5 Change and Continuity in the Beliefs and Rituals of Ossai -- 6.6 Change and Continuity in the Rituals of Ikenge -- 6.7 Change and Continuity in the Beliefs and Rituals Concerning Igba -- 6.8 Change and Continuity in the Ukwuata Festival -- 6.9 Change and Continuity in the Iwaji Festival -- 6.10 Continuity and Change in the Social Values of Emu People -- 6.11 Changes and Continuity in Emu Burial Rites -- Chapter Seven: Continuity and Change in Emu Religious Belief and Ritual Practices -- 7.1 Continuity and Change in Emu Productive and Protective Medicine -- 7.2 Medicine for Memory: Ogwu Akonuche -- 7.3 Rain Medicine: Ogwu Mmili -- 7.4 Medicine for Belly Ache: Ogwu Efo-Olinwa -- 7.5 Medicine for Premonition: Ogwu Ashima -- 7.6 Medicine for undefined Sickness and Sufferings:Ogwu Emo Na Liali Ne Esu Mmalu -- 7.7 Medicine for Prevention of General Poisoning:Aju Ogwu -- 7.8 Medicine against Gun Shorts: Igwu Egbe Ufie -- 7.9 Continuity and Change in Emu Destructive Medicine -- 7.9.1 Ogwu Igba Mkpa: Shooting of Poison -- 7.9.2 Ogwu Eti Ada: Hit and Fall -- 7.9.3 Ogwu Igbo Mmalu Onu: Medicine to Cause Madness -- 7.9.4 Ogwu Iwa Ugboko: Medicine of Command -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Published Books -- Journals.

Encyclopaedias -- Unpublished Materials -- Appendices -- Appendix I -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Index.