Ultrasonography of the Eye and Orbit -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- 1 Physics of Ultrasound -- GENERATION AND DETECTION OF ULTRASOUND -- PROPAGATION OF ULTRASOUND -- REFLECTION AND SCATTERING OF ULTRASOUND -- ATTENUATION OF ULTRASOUND -- REFRACTION OF ULTRASOUND -- AXIAL RESOLUTION -- LATERAL RESOLUTION -- COMPOSITE RESOLUTION -- BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY ULTRASOUND -- FDA EXPOSURE INDICES -- MEASUREMENT OF ULTRASONIC BEAM PARAMETERS -- 2 Ultrasonic Systems -- SYSTEM COMPONENTS -- PROBE -- SERVO -- PULSER -- RECEIVER -- SCAN CONVERTER AND DISPLAY -- BANDWIDTH -- A-MODE SYSTEMS -- B-MODE SYSTEMS -- B-MODE IMAGE GENERATION -- SCAN PATTERNS -- B-MODE IMAGE QUALITY -- REAL-TIME IMAGING -- B-MODE ARTIFACTS -- DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING -- THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING -- VERY HIGH FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND/ULTRASOUND BIOMICROSCOPY -- M-MODE -- SWEPT-MODE -- LINEAR ARRAY SYSTEMS -- OTHER SCAN MODES -- DOPPLER MODES -- TISSUE HARMONIC IMAGING -- SPECTRAL PARAMETER IMAGING -- 3 Ocular Diagnosis -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- OCULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES -- Synopsis -- DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETERS -- TYPES OF DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION -- Synopsis -- INDICATIONS FOR OCULAR ULTRASOUND -- THE NORMAL EYE -- A-SCAN ULTRASONOGRAPHY -- B-SCAN ULTRASONOGRAPHY -- ARTIFACTS ENCOUNTERED IN OCULAR ULTRASONOGRAPHY -- ELECTRONIC ARTIFACTS -- REDUPLICATION ECHOES -- REFRACTION ARTIFACTS -- ABSORPTION EFFECTS (SHADOWING) -- ABNORMALITIES OF OCULAR SIZE AND SHAPE -- ANAMORPHIC DISPLAY -- VERY HIGH FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND AND ULTRASOUND BIOMICROSCOPY -- ANTERIOR SEGMENT ABNORMALITIES -- Synopsis -- CORNEA -- ANTERIOR SEGMENT ULTRASOUND -- ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH -- POSTERIOR SEGMENT ULTRASOUND -- Synopsis -- EXTENT AND DENSITY OF VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE -- LOCATION AND SOURCE OF VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE -- VITREOUS VEILS (MEMBRANES) -- PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY WITH VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE.

MISCELLANEOUS VITREOUS ABNORMALITIES -- ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND VITREOUS SURGERY -- RETINAL ABNORMALITIES -- POSTOPERATIVE SITUATIONS -- POSTOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF THE VITREOUS SUBSTITUTE -- UVEAL TRACT ULTRASOUND AND TUMORS -- OCULAR TUMORS -- OCULAR TRAUMA -- Synopsis -- NEWER IMAGING MODES -- Synopsis -- 4 Very High Frequency Digital Ultrasound Scanning in LASIK and Phakic Intraocular Lenses -- ARTEMIS TECHNOLOGY -- CLINICAL USE -- PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT -- POSTOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT: TRUE DIAGNOSIS AFTER LASIK AND OPTIMAL TREATMENT PLANNING WITH ARTEMIS TECHNOLOGY -- A NOTE ON PHAKIC INTRAOCULAR LENS SURGERY -- CONCLUSION -- 5 Orbital Diagnosis -- TECHNIQUES -- DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETERS -- TYPES OF DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION -- INDICATIONS FOR ORBITAL ULTRASOUND -- B-SCAN -- HORIZONTAL SCAN PLANE THROUGHTHE OPTIC NERVE -- HORIZONTAL SCAN PLANE ABOVE OR BELOW THE OPTIC NERVE -- VERTICAL AND MERIDIONAL SCAN PLANES -- VARIATIONS WITH POSITIONS OF GAZE -- VARIATIONS WITH AGE -- EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES AND ORBITAL WALL -- FREQUENCY-RELATED VARIATION -- ARTIFACTS ENCOUNTERED IN ORBITAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY -- REDUPLICATION ARTIFACTS -- ABSORPTION DEFECTS -- GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF ORBITAL ABNORMALITY -- MASS LESIONS -- INFLAMMATORY AND CONGESTIVE CHANGES -- ORBITAL TUMORS -- ACOUSTICALLY "CYSTIC" TUMORS -- ACOUSTICALLY "SOLID" TUMORS -- ACOUSTICALLY "ANGIOMATOUS" TUMORS -- ACOUSTICALLY "INFILTRATIVE" TUMORS -- LACRIMAL GLAND TUMORS -- ORBITAL INFLAMMATION -- INFLAMMATION OF THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES (MYOSITIS) -- INFLAMMATION OF THE OPTIC NERVE -- INFLAMMATION OF THE RETROBULBAR FAT AND TENON'S SPACE -- PSEUDOTUMOR (IDIOPATHIC ORBITAL INFLAMMATION) -- ARTERIOVENOUS ORBITAL ANOMALIES -- OPTIC NERVE ABNORMALITIES -- ORBITAL TRAUMA -- ORBITAL FOREIGN BODIES -- ORBITAL HEMORRHAGE -- OPTIC NERVE TRAUMA -- USEFULNESS, RELIABILITY, AND LIMITATIONS OF ORBITAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

Appendices -- APPENDIX A: ULTRASOUND VELOCITY IN TISSUE -- APPENDIX B: AXIAL LENGTH MEASUREMENT FOR INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANT -- APPENDIX C: SCAN REPORTS -- APPENDIX D: TECHNIQUES OF ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION -- INDEX.