Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1. Imperial Frames, 1904 -- 2. Epistemic Anxiety and Denial, 1904‑1942 -- 3. Compartmentalized and Multidirectional Memory, 1949-1966 -- 4. Emerging memory, 1966-2010 -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- List of where the 1904 photographs have appeared -- Index -- Icons of Memory and Forgetting -- Dutch Colonial Memory -- Dutch Colonial Forgetting -- Forgetting in Cultural Memory Studies -- Objects: The 1904 Photographs as Portable Monuments -- Method: Frame Analysis -- Emerging Memory: Between Semanticization and Cultural Aphasia -- A Lack of Interest? -- Overview -- Introduction -- The 1904 Expedition and the Atjeh War -- The Surface of the 1904 Photographs -- Genres of Empire -- Images of Imperial Massacres -- Times of Empire -- Conclusion -- The Ethical Distribution of the Perceptible -- Managing Established Frames -- Icons of the Nation -- Haunting Memories -- An Icon of One Man's Cruelty -- Uncomfortable Colonial Conservatism -- Conclusion -- Compartmentalized Memory -- Multidirectional Memory -- Conclusion -- The Atjeh Photographs and the Violence of Western Modernity -- Emerging Memory.