Cover -- Table of Contents -- Chapter One: Introduction -- Chapter Two: Beliefs -- Decisions About Beliefs -- Origins of Beliefs: I -- Persistence of Beliefs -- Origins of Beliefs: II -- Chapter Three: Philosophy -- Radical Skepticism -- The Burden of Proof -- Three Assumptions Underlie almost All Claims to Knowledge -- Chapter Four: The Four Pillars of Knowledge -- Chapter Five: Kant's Pillar: A Priori Knowledge -- Chapter Six: Pillar 2: Religious Faith -- The Origins of Religious Faith -- A Few Strange Religious Beliefs -- Religious Faith Is Beneficial -- Digression-Maybe Not So Beneficial -- Faith (of Others) Is Very Beneficial to Some -- Religious Leaders Have God's Cell Phone Number -- Maybe They Had a Bad Connection -- Other People also Get Messages from God -- Points to Ponder -- The Persistence of Religious Faith -- Chapter Seven: Leavitt Lied -- Chapter Eight: Introduction to Pillars 3 and 4 -- Chapter Nine: Pillar 3: Reasoning -- Human Reasoning Is Imperfect -- Evolution and Reasoning -- Inductive Arguments -- Counter-Induction -- Inductive Inferences Are Ambiguous -- Formal Logic-Deductive Arguments -- Quiz -- Conclusions Often Come First -- We'll Never Know If Our Tools of Reasoning Lead to Valid Conclusions -- Anything Can be Proved -- Quantum Logic -- Reason Doesn't Tell about the World -- Chapter Ten: Reason and Science in Opposition -- Chapter Eleven: Pillar 4: Empiricism -- Knowledge That Comes from Direct Sensory Experiences -- Scientific Research on Perception -- Empiricists Fight Back-Unsuccessfully -- Our Low Fidelity Memories -- "Knowledge" That Comes from Other Sources -- Deception: Personal, Historic, Journalistic, Governmental, Corporate, Scientific -- Motives to Deceive -- Means -- Opportunity -- Drugs -- Electrical Stimulation of the Brain -- Natural Selection -- Secret Experiments? -- Individuals.

N-1 Automatons: Not Exactly a Hypothetical Scenario -- Self-Deception -- Corporate -- Governmental -- Journalistic -- Historical -- Censorship -- Major Conspiracies -- Deception-A New Dimension -- Science -- Scientists May Unconsciously Bias Results or Commit Deliberate Fraud -- Honest Science -- The Basic Observations May Be Wrong -- Miniscule Changes in Initial Conditions May Produce Huge Changes in Ultimate Observations -- The Data May Not Be Replicable -- Biomedical -- The Data May Have Been Analyzed Incorrectly -- Observations Reported in Scientific Publications May Differ Considerably from Equally Careful Observations over the Same Material That Go Unpublished -- The Media Distorts the Public's Views of Scientific Findings -- Inferences: Part I -- Hard Sciences -- Quantum Mechanics -- The Single- and Double-Slit Experiment -- Unstable Elements and Watched Pots -- Aharonov-Bohm Effect -- Pigeonholes and Pigeons -- Quantum Eraser -- Delayed-Choice -- Interpretations -- The Most Profound Discovery in the History of Science -- Many Worlds -- Beyond Quantum Mechanics -- Chapter Twelve: Reason and Science in Almost One Voice -- Chapter Thirteen: Inferences: Part II -- Mathematics, Science, and Everyday Life -- Chapter Fourteen: Recapitulation -- Chapter Fifteen: Certainty, Likelihood, and Probability -- Chapter Sixteen: Reasons for Resistance -- Resistance Is Futile -- A Priorists -- Non-Deductivists -- Pragmatists -- Transcendentalists -- Vindicationists -- Conjecturalists -- Chapter Seventeen: Conclusions -- Solipsism -- Free Will-Maybe -- Purpose-Avoid -- But There Is No God-Maybe -- Afterlife-Maybe -- On the Positive Side -- Questions You'll Probably Never be Able to Answer -- Worldviews of Prominent Physicists and Philosophers -- Keep on Trucking -- Epilogue -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: Predictions and Proclamations by Experts.

Appendix 2: Wealth of Religious Leaders -- Appendix 3: Sex Crimes of Religious Leaders -- Appendix 4: Fraud and Other Crimes -- Appendix 5: Murder in God's Name -- Appendix 6: Unethical Research Studies -- Appendix 7: Mostly Harmless Deceptions -- Appendix 8: Unethical Corporate Behavior -- Appendix 9: Lies and Distortions of Politicians -- Appendix 10: Journalistic Fraud -- Appendix 11: Examples from Project Censored -- Appendix 12: Major Conspiracies -- Appendix 13: Scientific Fraud and Other Forms of Misconduct -- Appendix 14: Facts, Hypotheses, and Theories That at One Time Were Widely Accepted by Mainstream Scientists -- Appendix 15: Bell's Proof -- Notes -- Chapter 2. Beliefs -- Chapter 3. Philosophy -- Chapter 5. Kant's Pillar: A Priori Knowledge -- Chapter 6. Religious Faith -- Chapter 9. Pillar Three: Reasoning -- Chapter 11. Pillar Four: Empiricism -- Chapter 12. Reason and Science in Almost One Voice -- Chapter 13. Inferences: Part II -- Chapter 15. Certainty, Likelihood, and Probability -- Chapter 16. Reasons for Resistance -- Chapter 17. Conclusions -- Appendices -- Index.