Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Share Pediatric Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice, Fifth Edition -- Chapter 1: History and Examination -- Setting the Tone -- History -- Prenatal and Perinatal History -- Developmental History -- General Health History -- History of Behavior -- Educational and Social History -- Family History -- Studies -- Examination -- Observation -- Examination by Age -- School-Age and Adolescent Patients -- Growth -- Inspection -- Palpation -- Organ Systems -- Neuromuscular System -- Musculoskeletal System -- Sensory Examination -- Functional Evaluation -- Informing Interview -- References -- Chapter 2: Medical Care of Children With Disabilities -- Medical Home -- Disability Characterization -- Routine Health Maintenance -- Growth and Nutrition -- Immunizations -- Dental Care -- Vision -- Hearing -- Illnesses in the Primary Care Office -- Respiratory Complications -- Neurologic Complications -- Orthopedic Complications -- Palliative Care -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Psychological Assessment in Pediatric Rehabilitation -- Adjustment Versus Psychiatric Diagnosis -- Nature of Measurement -- Norm-Referenced Measurement -- Reliability -- Validity -- Uses of Assessment -- Types of Assessments -- Approaches to Assessment -- Culture-Sensitive Assessment -- Specific Instruments -- Neuropsychological Evaluation -- Neuropsychological Batteries -- Attention, Concentration, and Information Processing -- Problem-Solving and Executive Functioning Tests -- Nonverbal/Visual-Perceptual Function Tests -- Language Functioning Tests -- Memory and Learning Tests -- Sensory-Perceptual and Motor Tests -- Computerized Assessment -- Cognitive and Intellectual Measures -- Instruments for use with Young Children -- Alternative Tests of Cognitive Function -- Achievement Tests.

Adaptive Behavior -- Psychosocial Evaluation -- Caveats -- Individual Assessment Tools -- Family Environment -- Population-Specific Assessments -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Language Development and Disorders of Communication and Oral Motor Function -- Speech and Language Development and Disorders -- Anatomy of Speech Systems -- Contribution of Respiratory Dysfunction to Speech Disorders -- Contribution of Phonatory Dysfunction to Speech Disorders -- Contribution of Articulatory/Resonatory Dysfunction to Speech Disorders -- Motor Speech Disorders -- Components of Speech and Language -- Speech and Language Acquisition -- Speech and Language Disorders -- Assessment and Treatment of Speech/Language Disorders -- Feeding and Swallowing Processes and Disorders -- Pearls and Perils -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 5: Quantitative Assessment of Gait: A Systematic Approach -- Normal Gait is Cyclical and Symmetric -- Typical Components of an Instrumented Gait Analysis -- Impairment Identification is Facilitated by Subdividing the Gait Cycle -- Functional Prerequisites for Walking -- Phases of the Gait Cycle -- Critical Events Link Gait Impairments to Possible Interventions -- Critical Events During the Weight Acceptance Task -- Critical Events During the Single Limb Support Task -- Critical Events During the Swing Limb Advancement Task -- Motion Analysis Case Study-Spastic Diplegia -- Motion Analysis Case Study-Postoperative Analysis -- Summary -- Pearls, Perils, and Resources -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 6: Electrodiagnosis in Pediatrics -- Introduction -- Maturational Factors in Pediatric Electrodiagnosis -- Nerve Conduction Studies -- Motor Nerve Conduction -- Distal Motor Latency (DML) -- Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) -- Sensory Nerve Conduction -- F-Waves -- H-Reflex.

Neuromuscular Transmission -- Electromyography -- Motor Unit Configuration and Amplitude -- Motor Unit Duration -- Motor Unit Recruitment -- Technical Factors with Infantile Nerve Conduction Studies -- Temperature -- Volume Conduction -- Shock Artifact -- Measurement of Distances/Measurement Error -- Stimulating Electrodes -- Recording Electrodes -- Special Considerations for Nerve Conduction Studies -- Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Studies -- Technical Factors of Needle Electromyography -- Electrodes -- Optimal Muscles to Study for Rest Activity -- Optimal Muscles for Evaluation of Recruitment, Motor Unit Configuration, and Interference Pattern -- Sedation -- Limitations of Single-Fiber EMG -- Specific Clinical Problems in Pediatric Electrodiagnosis -- Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of the Floppy Infant -- Differential Diagnosis for Early Respiratory Distress in Infancy -- Acute Onset Infantile Hypotonia -- Motor Neuron Disorders (EG, SMA) -- Spinal Cord Injury -- Brachial Plexus and Cervical Nerve Root Lesions -- Facial Paralysis in the Neonate -- Common Polyneuropathies -- Entrapment Mononeuropathies in Children -- Neuromuscular Junction Disorders -- Myopathies -- Somatosensory Evoked Potentials -- General Principles -- Clinical Applications of SSEPs in Children -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Guidance Techniques for Botulinum Toxins and Other Injections -- Patient Evaluation -- Treatment Planning -- Anatomic Guidance Methods -- Technique -- Equipment -- Advantages and Limitations of Anatomic Guidance for BoNT Therapy -- Cadaver Studies -- Clinical Studies -- Conclusions -- Motor Endplate Targeting or Localization Technique -- Studies on the Location of Motor Endplate Location and Distribution -- MoEP Targeting for BoNT Injections -- Lower Limb -- Upper Limb -- MoEP Targeting Techniques.

Advantages and Limitations of MoEP Targeting for BoNT Therapy -- Conclusions -- Electromyography Guidance for BoNT Injections -- Technique for EMG-Guided BoNT Procedures -- Equipment for EMG Guidance -- Advantages and Limitations of EMG for BoNT Procedures -- Evidence -- Summary -- Electrical Stimulation Guidance for BoNT Injections -- Technique -- Equipment for E-Stim Guidance -- Advantages and Limitations of E-Stim for BoNT Injections -- Evidence -- Imaging-Based Guidance for BoNT Injections -- US Physics and Sono-Acoustic Properties of Tissues -- Technique for US Guided for BoNT Injections -- Equipment -- Cleaning and Maintenance -- Advantages and Limitations of US to Guide BoNT Injections -- Evidence Supporting or Refuting the use of US to Guide BoNT Injections -- Summary -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Orthotics and Assistive Devices -- Upper and Lower Limb Orthoses -- Shoe Inserts -- Orthoses for Positioning, Range of Motion, and Healing -- Mobility Aids -- Transfer Aids -- Standers -- Gait Aids -- Wheelchairs and Seating -- Positioning Components -- Car Seats -- Vehicle Accessibility: Ramps and Lifts -- Recreational Equipment -- Adaptive Interfaces -- Augmentative and Alternative Communication -- Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Devices -- Assistive Robots and Orthoses -- Automated Feeders -- Orthoses -- Robots -- Therapy Robots -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 9: Adaptive Sports and Recreation -- History -- Exercise in Pediatrics: Physiologic Impact -- Exercise in Pediatrics: Psychosocial Impact -- Adapted Sports and Recreation Professionals -- Participation in Physical Activity -- Injuries in Disabled Athletes -- "Evening the Odds": Classification Systems -- Adapting Recreation Opportunities -- Sports for Fun and Competition -- Pearls and Perils -- References.

Chapter 10: Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Conditions -- Growth and Development of the Bony Skeleton -- Congenital Conditions -- Brachial Plexus Palsy -- Evaluation -- Treatment -- Complications -- Surgical Indications -- Surgery -- Pain -- Rehabilitation of the Child with Rheumatic Disease -- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis -- Clinical Features of JIA Subtypes -- Rehabilitation of the Child with JIA -- Specific Joints in JIA -- Medical and Surgical Treatments of JIA -- Infectious Disease with Arthritis -- Septic Arthritis -- Reactive Arthritis -- Lyme Disease -- Other Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood -- Hematologic Disorders -- Burn Injuries in Children -- Epidemiology -- Burn Assessment -- Acute Burn Management -- Chronic Burn Management -- Outcome -- Prevention of Pediatric Burns -- Developmental Conditions -- Scoliosis -- Overview -- Embryology, Growth, and Curve Progression -- Curve Classification and Naming -- History, Physical Exam, and Treatment Overview -- Types of Scoliosis -- Leg-Length Inequality -- Constitutional or Intrinsic Bone Conditions -- Defects of Tubular Bone or Spinal Growth Present at Birth -- Disorganized Cartilage and Fibrous Components -- Abnormal Bony Density or Structure -- Metabolic Conditions Usually Affecting Calcium or Phosphorus Metabolism -- Extraskeletal Disorders -- Summary -- Musculoskeletal Pain and Child Abuse -- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome -- Fibromyalgia -- Back Pain -- Child Abuse -- Tumors of the Bone -- References -- Chapter 11: Acute Management and Rehabilitation of Sport-Specific Musculoskeletal Injuries -- Football -- Baseball and Softball -- Basketball and Volleyball -- Swimming -- Running Sports -- Wrestling -- Gymnastics -- Soccer -- Cycling -- Tennis -- Golf -- Dance -- Skiing/Snowboarding -- Ice Hockey -- Skateboarding -- References -- Chapter 12: Concussion Management and Rehabilitation.

Introduction.