Contents -- Preface -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgment and Citations -- Note on Transliteration and Style -- Introduction -- PART I: Apocalypticism in the Islamic Middle East -- 1. Apocalyptic Anxieties and Millennial Hopes in the Salvation Religions of the Middle East -- 2. The Resurgence of Apocalyptic in Modern Islam -- PART II: Millennial Cycles and Commemorating Martyrs -- 3. The Nuqtavi Movement of Mahmud Pasikhani and his Persian Cycle of Mystical Materialism -- 4. Meadow of the Matyrs: Kashifi's Persianization of the Shi'i Martyrdom Narrative in Late Timurid Herat -- 5. The Persian Bayan and the Shaping of the Babi Renewal in Iran -- PART III: Clerical Encounters with Modernity -- 6. Mujtahids and Missionaries: Shi'i Responses to Christian Polemics in the Early Qajar Period -- 7. In-Between the Madrasa and the Marketplace: The Designation of Clerical Leadership in Modern Shi'ism -- 8. From ijtihad to wilayat-i faqih: The Evolving of Shi'i Legal Authority into Political Power -- PART IV: Satan and Salvation in the Islamic Revolution -- 9. Khomeini's Great Satan: Demonizing the American Other in the Islamic Revolution in Iran -- 10. Messianic Aspirations in Contemporary Iran -- Notes -- Index.