Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 0 What is a System -- Chapter 1 Modeling and Simulation -- 1.1 Physical Models -- 1.2 Mathematical Models -- 1.2.1 Static Mathematical Models -- 1.2.2 Costing of a Combat Aircraft -- 1.2.3 A Static Marketing Model -- 1.2.4 Student Industrial Training Performance Model -- 1.3 Computer Models -- 1.3.1 Runway Denial using BCES Type Warhead -- 1.3.2 Distributed Lag Models-Dynamic Models -- 1.4 Cobweb Models -- 1.5 Simulation -- 1.5.1 Monte Carlo Simulation -- Chapter 2 Probability as Used in Simulation -- 2.1 Basic Probability Concepts -- 2.1.1 Sample Point -- 2.1.2 Sample Space -- 2.1.3 Event -- 2.1.4 Universal Set -- 2.1.5 Set Operations -- 2.1.6 Statistical Independence -- 2.1.7 Mutual Exclusivity -- 2.1.8 The Axioms of Probabilities -- 2.1.9 Conditional Probabilities -- 2.2 Discrete Random Variable -- 2.3 Expected Value and Variance of a Discrete Random Variable -- 2.3.1 Some Theorems on Expected Value -- 2.3.2 Variance -- 2.3.3 Some Theorems on Variacne -- 2.4 Measure of Probability Function -- 2.4.1 Central Tendency -- 2.4.2 Median -- 2.5 Some Important Distribution Functions -- 2.5.1 Cumulative Distribution Function -- 2.5.2 Uniform Distribution Function -- 2.5.3 Binomial Distribution Function -- 2.5.4 Poisson's Distribution -- 2.6 Continuous Random Variable -- 2.7 Exponential Distribution -- 2.7.1 Gamma Distribution Function -- 2.7.2 Erlang Density Function -- 2.8 Mean and Variance of Continuous Distribution -- 2.9 Normal Distribution -- 2.9.1 Properties of Normal Distribution Curve -- 2.9.2 Cumulative Density Distribution Function of Normal Distribution -- 2.9.3 An Experiment for the Demonstration of Normal Distribution Function -- 2.9.4 Example of Dispersion Patterns -- 2.9.5 Estimation of Dispersion -- 2.10 Circular Probable Error (CEP) and the Probable Error (PE).

2.10.1 Range and Deflection Probable Errors -- 2.10.2 Probability of Hitting a Circular Target -- Appendix 2.1 -- Chapter 3 An Aircraft Survivability Analysis -- 3.1 Susceptibility of an Aircraft -- 3.2 Threat Evaluation -- 3.3 Susceptibility Assessment (Modeling & Measures) -- 3.3.1 Aircraft Detection and Tracking -- 3.3.2 Probability of Detection -- 3.3.3 Infra-red, Visual and Aural Detection -- 3.4 Vulnerability Assessment -- 3.5 Vulnerability Due to Non-Explosive Penetrator -- 3.5.1 Case of Multiple Failure Mode -- 3.6 Case of Non-Redundant Components with Overlap -- 3.6.1 Area with Overlap and Engine Fire -- 3.6.2 Redundant Components with no Overlap -- 3.6.3 Redundant Components with Overlap -- Chapter 4 Discrete Simulation -- 4.1 Generation of Uniform Random Numbers -- 4.1.1 Properties of Random Numbers -- 4.1.2 Congruential or Residual Generators -- 4.1.3 Computation of Irregular Area using Monte Carlo Simulation -- 4.1.4 Multiplicative Generator Method -- 4.1.5 Mid Square Random Number Generator -- 4.1.6 Random Walk Problem -- 4.1.7 Acceptance Rejection Method of Random Number Generation -- 4.1.8 Which are the Good Random Numbers? -- 4.2 Testing of Random Numbers -- 4.2.1 The Kolmogrov-Smirnov Test -- 4.2.2 Chi-Square (x2) Test -- 4.2.3 Poker's Method -- 4.2.4 Testing for Auto Correlation -- 4.3 Random Variate for Non-Uniform Distribution -- 4.4 Normal Random Number Generator -- 4.4.1 Central Limit Theorem Approach -- 4.4.2 Box-Muller Transformation -- 4.4.3 Marsaglia and Bray Method -- 4.5 Applications of Random Numbers -- 4.5.1 Damage Assessment by Monte Carlo Method -- 4.5.2 Simulation Model for Missile Attack -- Appendix 4.1 -- Appendix 4.2 -- Appendix 4.3 -- Appendix 4.4 -- Appendix 4.5 -- Chapter 5 Continuous System Simulation -- 5.1 What is Continuous Simulation? -- 5.2 Modeling of Fluid Flow -- 5.2.1 Equation of Continuity of Fluids.

5.2.2 Equation of Momentum of Fluids -- 5.2.3 Equation of Energy of Fluids -- 5.3 Dynamic Model of Hanging Car Wheel -- 5.4 Modeling of Shock Waves -- 5.4.1 Shock Waves Produced by Supersonic Motion of a Body -- 5.5 Simulation of Pursuit-Evasion Problem -- 5.6 Simulation of an Autopilot -- 5.7 Modeling of Projectile Trajectory -- Appendix 5.1 -- Chapter 6 Simulation Model for Aircraft Vulnerability -- 6.1 Mathematical Model -- 6.2 Single Shot Hit Probability on N-Plane -- 6.2.1 Single Shot Hit Probability -- 6.2.2 Probability of Fuse Functioning -- 6.3 Vulnerability of Aircraft Due to DA-Fused Ammunition -- 6.4 Probability of Landing in Case of Proximity Fuzed Shell -- 6.4.1 Determination of RL -- 6.4.2 Probability of Detection by Radar -- 6.5 Vulnerability of the Aircraft by VT-Fuzed Ammunition -- 6.5.1 Energy Criterion for Kill -- 6.6 Expected Number of Fragment Hits on a Component -- 6.7 Penetration Laws -- 6.8 Cumulative Kill Probability -- 6.9 Data Used -- Appendix 6.1 -- Appendix 6.2 -- Chapter 7 Simulation of Queuing Systems -- 7.0 Symbols Used -- 7.1 Kendall's Notation -- 7.2 Principle of Queuing Theory -- 7.3 Arrival of K Customers at Server -- 7.3.1 Exponential Service Time -- 7.4 Queuing Arrival-Service Model -- 7.5 Simulation of a Single Server Queue -- 7.5.1 An Algorithm for Single Queue-Single Server Model -- 7.5.2 Infinite Queue-Infinite Source, Multiple-Server Model -- 7.5.3 Simulation of Single Queue Multiple Servers -- Chapter 8 System Dynamics -- 8.1 Exponential Growth Models -- 8.2 Exponential Decay Models -- 8.3 Modified Exponential Growth Model -- 8.4 Logistic Models -- 8.5 Multi-Segment Models -- 8.6 Modeling of a Chemical Reaction -- 8.6.1 Second Order Reaction -- 8.7 Representation of Time Delay -- 8.8 A Biological Model -- Chapter 9 Inventory Control Models -- 9.1 Infinite Delivery Rate With no Backordering.

9.2 Finite Delivery Rate With no Backordering -- 9.3 Infinite Delivery Rate with Backordering -- 9.4 Finite Delivery Rate With Backordering -- 9.5 Probabilistic Inventory Models -- 9.5.1 Single-Period Models -- 9.5.2 Single-Period Model with Zero Ordering Cost -- 9.6 A Stochastic Continuous Review Model -- Appendix 9.1 -- Chapter 10 Cost-Effectiveness Models -- 10.1 Cost-Effectiveness Study -- 10.2 Life Cycle Cost of an Aircraft -- 10.3 Life Cycle Cost of a Missile -- 10.3.1 Research and Development (RD) Costing for Each System and Subsystem -- 10.3.2 Initial Investment Costing -- 10.3.3 Costing of Annual Operations -- 10.4 Cost-Effectiveness Study of a Missile vs Aircraft -- 10.5 Data Required -- 10.5.1 Ground Targets -- 10.5.2 Weapon Characteristics -- 10.5.3 Aircraft Flight Time for Mission -- 10.5.4 Weapon Delivery and Navigation Accuracy -- 10.6 Cost of Attack by Aircraft -- 10.7 Cost of Attack by Missiles -- 10.8 Effect of Enemy Air Defence -- Appendix 10.1 -- Bibliography -- Index.