BIOCHEMISTRY AND HISTOCYTOCHEMISTRY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS -- BIOCHEMISTRY AND HISTOCYTOCHEMISTRY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- FUNCTION OF NOREPINEPHRINE IN NEUROINFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE LOCUS COERULEUS -- 3. CLASSICAL FUNCTIONS OF NOREPINEPHRINE IN THE CNS -- 4. ADRENOCEPTORS -- 5. ROLE OF NE AND ADRENERGIC AGONISTS IN PERIPHERAL IMMUNE CELLS FUNCTIONS -- 6. IMMUNE SYSTEM IN THE CNS -- 7. ROLE OF NE AND ADRENERGIC AGONISTS IN MICROGLIA FUNCTIONS -- 8. ROLE OF NE AND ADRENERGIC AGONISTS IN ASTROCYTES FUNCTIONS -- 9. INTRACELLULAR SIGNALLINGS INDUCED BY ADRENERGIC ACTIVATION -- 10. NOREPINEPHRINE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- 11. ROLE OF NOREPINEPHRINE IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE -- Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of NE on the Dopaminergic System -- 12. NOREPINEPHRINE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS -- 13. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF NORADRENALINE ON INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING -- ABSTRACT -- I .WHAT IS INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING? -- A. Importance of Healthy Interpersonal Functioning for Relationship Formation and Social Support -- B. Relationship between Depression and Interpersonal Functioning Deficits -- II. HOW TO MEASURE INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING? -- A. Measures of Global Interpersonal Functioning: -- B. Questionnaires for Interpersonal Behaviour: -- C. Laboratory Tasks -- III EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE ROLE OF NORADRENALINE IN INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING -- A. Clinical Study: Global Interpersonal Functioning (SASS Study): -- B. Experimental Study: Facial Emotion Perception Positive Bias in Healthy Volunteers -- C. Experimental Study: Cooperative and Dominant Behaviours in Healthy Volunteers -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE NEUROTRANSMITTER NOREPINEPHRINE AND ITS ROLE IN AFFECTIVE DISORDERS -- I. ABSTRACT -- II. INTRODUCTION.

a. Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine -- b. Noradrenergic System -- c. Noradrenergic Receptors -- d. Norepinephrine Neurons -- III. ROLE OF NOREPINEPHRINE IN MOOD AND COGNITION -- a. Pain and Nociception -- b. Emotions -- c. Cognition -- IV. NOREPINEPHRINE AND AFFECTIVE DISORDERS -- a. Stress and Anxiety Disorders -- b. Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder -- V. EFFECT OF PSYCHIATRIC DRUGS ON NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM -- a. Antidepressant Drugs -- b. Mood Stabilizers and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF SYMPATHETIC NERVE ACTIVITY IN RENAL INJURY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PLASMA NOREPINEPHRINE AS A PREDICTOR FOR FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL EVENTS -- (1)Plasma Norepinephrine Levels Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Patients with ESRD (Figure 1) -- (2)Plasma Norepinephrine Levels Predicts Future Renal Injury in Normotensive Healthy Subjects (Figures 2 And 3) -- THE ROLE OF THE KIDNEYS IN HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY -- Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Hypertension -- Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Abnormal Renal-Pressure Natriuresis in Hypertension (Figure 4) -- Leptin Causes Hypertension through Sympathetic Nerve Activation in the Kidney -- SYMPATHETIC NERVE ACTIVITY IN RENAL DISEASE -- Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Patients with Renal Parenchymal Disease (Renal Injury) -- Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) -- Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Renovascular Hypertension -- CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS -- Renal Denervation as a Therapy for Hypertension -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOHISTOLOGY - PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL ASSAY - A TOTAL TEST APPROACH -- PRE-ANALYTICAL VARIABLES: TISSUE PRESERVATION, TRANSPORTATION, FIXATION AND TISSUE PROCESSING -- Intrinsic Properties of the Sample.

Fixation and Fixatives -- Tissue Processing -- Storage of Tissue Sections -- ANALYTICAL VARIABLES - ANTIGEN RETRIEVAL, ANTIBODIES, DETECTION SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS -- THE IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL ASSAY -- SUBSTRATE AND CHROMOGEN SYSTEMS -- Antigen Retrieval -- Antibodies and Detection Systems -- AUTOMATED IMMUNOSTAINING -- Controls -- TEST VALIDATION -- POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE -- INTERPRETATION -- FALSE-POSITIVE, FALSE-NEGATIVE, CROSS-REACTIVITY AND ABERRANT EXPRESSION -- RECEPTOR DETECTION FOR TARGETED THERAPIES -- HORMONE RECEPTORS AND HER2/NEU IN BREAST CANCER -- INTEROBSERVER VARIABILITY IN QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOHISTOLOGY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPING MANDIBULAR BODY BONE -- DEVELOPING MANDIBULAR CARTILAGES -- REGULATION FACTORS IN MORPHOGENESIS OF MANDIBULAR CONDYLAR CARTILAGE -- PERIODONTAL TISSUE REACTIONS IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT -- PERIODONTAL TISSUE REACTION TO CELL INJURY STIMULATION -- REFERENCES -- PATHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON MOLECULAR-TARGETED THERAPY AND ADVANCED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL APPROACHES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS WITH PHOSPHO-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY TO MONITOR PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION STATE IN TISSUE -- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS WITH THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A DIRECT TARGET IN TISSUE -- CHROMOGENIC VISUALIZATION OF DUAL-COLOR FISH SIGNALS WITH ANTI-HAPTEN ANTIBODIES -- ADVANCED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR METHOD VALIDATION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PRE-EMBEDDING SCARCE BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS FOR LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PRE-EMBEDDING BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS IN BSA AND BA -- PROCESSING BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES PRE-EMBEDDED IN BSA AND BA FOR LM AND EM -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

ROLE OF SURROGATE LIGHT CHAIN EXPRESSING B CELLS IN THE FORMATION OF SELF-REACTIVE ANTIBODIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- INDUCTION OF SELF-TOLERANCE DURING B CELL DEVELOPMENT -- (1) Clonal Deletion -- (2) Receptor Editing -- (3) Anergy -- (4) Lack of Second Activation Signal -- BCR REPERTOIRE SELECTION IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- IDENTIFICATION OF THE VPREB+LC+ B CELL SUBSET -- VPREB+LC+ B CELLS HAVE AN AUTO-REACTIVE IG REPERTOIRE -- ANALYZING THE VPREB+LC+ B CELLS WITH SLC-TG MOUSE MODEL -- DYSREGULATED SLC EXPRESSION IN AUTOIMMUNITY -- STUDYING THE ROLE OF SLC+LC+ B CELLS IN AUTOIMMUNITY -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- UNIQUE ENZYMES OF ASPERGILLUS FUNGI USED IN JAPANESE BIOINDUSTRIES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2 THE THIRD ACTIVE SITE RESIDUE OF ASPARTIC PROTEINASE FROM ASPERGILLUS IS ESSENTIAL FOR TRYPSINOGEN ACTIVATION AT PH 3-4.5 -- 2.1. Aspartic Proteinase -- 2.2. Aspergillopepsin I -- 2.3. D76S-Aspergillopepsin I Abolished Trypsinogen Activation -- 2.4. Characterization of the S1 Subsite Specificity -- 3 ENGINEERING OF PORCINE PEPSIN -- 3.1. Pepsin -- 3.2. Alteration of S1 Substrate Specificity of Pepsin to those of Fungal Aspartic Proteinase -- 4 AORSIN FROM ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE, A NOVEL SERINE PROTEINASE WITH TRYPSINOGEN ACTIVATING SPECIFICITY AT ACIDIC PH -- 4.1. Sedolisin -- 4.2. Aorsin from A. oryzae -- 5. DEUTEROLYSIN FROM ASPERGILLUS, A MEMBER OF ASPZINCIN FAMILY WITH A NEW ZINC-BINDING MOTIF (HEXXH + ) -- 5.1. Deuterolysin - Extreamly Heat Stable 19 Kda Zn2+-Protease - -- 5.2. Specificity of Deuterolysin -- 5.3. Co-Deuterolysin -- 5.4. Penicillolysin - Thermolabile 19 Kda Zn2+-Protease - -- 6. ACID ARBOXYPEPTIDASE FROM ASPERGILLUS SAITOI -- 6.1. Acid Carboxypeptidase -- 6.2. Specificity of Acid Carboxypeptidase.

6.3. Cloning and Expression of Acid Carboxypeptidase Gene (CPDS) -- 6.4. Debittering of the Bitter Peptides -- 6.5 A new high-mannose type N-linked oligosaccharide -- 6.6. Carbohydrate Moiety of Acid Carboxypeptidase -- 7. 1,2-Α-D-MANNOSIDASE FROM ASPERGILLUS SAITOI -- 7.1. 1,2-Α-D-Mannosidase -- 7.2. Expression of A. Saitoi 1,2-Α-D-Mannosidase Gene (Msds) in A. Oryzae Cells -- 7.3. Catalytic Residues of Ca2+-Independent 1,2-Α-D-Mannosidas from A. Saioi -- 7.4 A Single Cysteine Residue and Disulfide Bond of 1,2-Α-D-Mannosidase -- 7.5. Production of Human Compatible High Mannose-Type (Man5GlcNAc2) Sugar Chain in Yeast Cells -- 8. ACID ACTIVATION OF PROTYROSINASE FROM ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE -- 8.1. Acid Activation of Protyrosinase from A. Oryzae -- 8.2. Copper Ligands of Tyrosinase from A. Oryzae -- 8.3 Homo-Tetrameric Protyrosinase is Converted to Active Dimers with an Essential Intersubunit Disulfide Bond at Acidic Ph -- 9. HYPER PRODUCTION SYSTEM OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE GLUCOAMYLASE IN SUBMERGED CULTURE UNDER TYROSINASE-ENCODING GENE (MELO) PROMOTER CONTROL -- 9.1. Glucoamylase from A. Oryzae -- 9.2. Hyper Production System of Glucoamylase Under Melo Gene Promoter Control -- APPENDIX: ENZYMES REFERRED TO IN CHAPTERS 1-9 -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASES OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE ENZYMES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI -- PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEASES FROM ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI -- CLONING OF EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE ENCODING GENES FROM ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI -- REGULATION OF PROTEASES PRODUCED BY ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI -- THE ROLE OF PROTEASES DURING THE ACTION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.

GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES FROM HYPERTHERMOPHILES: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND EXPLOITATION IN OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS.