POLYSACCHARIDES: DEVELOPMENT, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS -- POLYSACCHARIDES: DEVELOPMENT, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- STIMULI-RESPONSIVE REDOX GUM ARABIC AND POLYANILINE COPOLYMERS CAPABLE FOR BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHOD OF SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MECHANISM -- 3. STIMULI-REPONSIVE REDOX AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVE BEHAVIOR -- 4. BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- MARINE DERIVED POLYSACCHARIDES AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHITOSAN -- 2.1. Trimethyl Chitosan -- 2.2. Carboxymethyl chitosan -- 2.3. Sulfated Chitosan -- 2.4. Thiolated Chitosan -- 2.5. Acyl Chitosan -- 2.6. Grafted Chitosan -- 2.7. Different Applications of Chitosan -- 2.7.1. Vaginal Delivery -- 2.7.2. Colonic Delivery -- 2.7.3. Anticancer Drugs -- 2.7.4. Gene Therapy -- 2.7.5. Tissue Engineering -- 3.ALGINATE -- 3.1. Different Applications of Alginate -- 4. CARRAGEENAN -- 4.1. Types of Carrageenan and Related Properties -- 4.2. General Properties of Carrageenans [186] -- 4.2.1. Solubilization and Gelation -- 4.2.2. pH Stability -- 4.2.3. Interaction with Proteins -- 4.3. Functional Properties of Carrageenan -- 4.3.1. Gelling Agent [186] -- 4.3.2. Water Holding Agent [186] -- 4.3.3. Thickening and Stabilizing Agent -- 4.3.4. Anticoagulant Effect -- 4.3.5. Antioxidant Activity -- 4.3.6. Permeation Enhancer Properties -- 4.3.7. Antibacterial / Antiviral Properties -- 4.3.8. Stabilization of Liposomal Preparations -- 4.4. Applications of Carrageenan [186] -- 4.4.1. Food Applications -- 4.4.2 Non-Food Application -- 4.5. Pharmaceutical Applications [186] -- 4.5.1 Wound Dressings -- 4.5.2 Contraceptive Gels [186] -- 4.5.3. Cosmetics -- 4.5.4. Humidity Control [186] -- 4.5.5. Biotechnology (Cell Immobilization) [186] -- 4.5.6. Drug Delivery Systems.

4.6. Carrageenan Combinations -- 4.7. Carrageenan Copolymerization -- 4.7.1. HIV/AIDS Related Uses of Carrageenan -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHITOSAN GRAFTING USING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHITOSAN: A CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER -- 2.1. Chemical Reactivity of Chitosan -- 2.2. Conventional Methods of Chitosan Grafting -- 2.2.1. Grafting Degree and Grafting Efficiency -- 2.2.2. %Grafting and %Efficiency -- 2.3. Microwave Assisted Grafting of Chitosan -- 2.4. Mechanism of Grafting under Microwaves -- 3. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SULFHYDRYL GLYCOCONJUGATES PRODUCED BY FILAMENTOUS SHEATH-FORMING MEMBERS OF β-PROTEOBACTERIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CULTIVATION OF SHEATH-FORMING BACTERIA AND PREPARATION OF SHEATHS -- 3. MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF SHEATHS -- 4. COMPOSITION OF SHEATHS -- 4.1. Amino Acid Composition of Sheaths -- 4.2. Sugar Composition of Sheaths -- 5. ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF SHEATHS -- 6. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF SULFHYDRYL GLYCOCONJUGATES -- 7. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- BANANA STARCH AND FLOUR AS NUTRACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BANANA CULTIVAR -- 3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BANANA -- 4. BANANA FLOUR PRODUCTION -- 5. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH -- 6. STARCH AND DIETARY FIBER DIGESTIBILITY -- 7. RESISTANT STARCH AND DIETARY FIBER PRODUCTION -- 8. PRODUCTS ELABORATED WITH BANANA STARCH AND FLOUR -- 9. FINAL REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- POLYSACCHARIDES BASED SEMI-SYNTHETIC HYBRID SCAFFOLDS - A GREEN CHEMISTRY PROTOCOL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Composite Materials -- 1.1.1. Classes of Composite Materials -- 1.2 Carbohydrate Based Polymers: A Review -- 1.2.1. D-Glucofuranose Polysaccharides Linked Natural and Synthetic Polymers -- 1.2.2. Cellulose -- 1.2.2.1. Cellulose-Inorganic Particle Hybrid Materials.

1.2.2.2. Lignocellulose -- 1.2.2.3. Composites from Cellulose -- 1.2.2.4. Starch -- 1.2.2.5. Starch Composites -- 1.2.2.6. Nanocomposites of Starch -- 1.2.2.7. Chitin -- 1.2.2.8. Chitosan -- 1.2.2.9 Chitosan Composites -- 1.2.2.10. Polylactic Acid -- 1.2.2.11 Composites of PLA -- 1.2.2.12 Composites with Natural Polymers -- 1.2.2.13. Nanocomposites of PLA -- 1.2.2.14. Guar gum -- 1.2.2.15. Other Galactomannans -- 1.2.2.16. Hydrogels -- 1.2.2.17 Composites from Pectin -- 1.2.2.18. Composites from Gelatin -- 2. ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION -- 3. APPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHEMICALLY MODIFIED CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND THEIR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DRUG DELIVERY -- 2.1. Chitosan Microspheres -- 2.2. Mucoadhesive Chitosan Derivatives -- 2.3. Amphiphilic Chitosan Derivatives -- 2.4. Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan -- 2.5. Chitosan Based Hydrogels -- 3. GENE DELIVERY -- 4. TISSUE ENGINEERING -- 4.1. Graft Copolymerized Chitosan Derivatives -- 4.2. Chitosan Based Nanofibers -- 4.3. Thermo-Responsive Chitosan -- 4.4. Chitosan-Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds -- 4.5. Chitosan-CD Scaffolds -- 5. WOUND HEALING -- 6. CHITOSAN BASED BIOSENSORS -- 6.1. Chitosan Crosslinked with Epichlorohydrin and Glutaraldehyde Matrix -- 6.2. Laccase Immobilized Chitosan Microspheres -- 6.3. Ferrocene-Branched Chitosan Derivatives -- 6.4. Chitosan Based Urea Biosensor -- 6.5. Chitosan-Polyaniline Based Biosensors -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- POLYACYLAMIDE GRAFTED ONTO POLYSACCHARIDES APPLIED AS BIODEGRADABLE DRAG REDUCING AGENTS AND FLOCCULANTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GRAFTING OF POLYACRYLAMIDE ONTO POLYSACCHARIDES -- 2.1. Biodegradation of Grafted and Ungrafted Polysaccharides -- 2.2. Drag Reduction by Grafted Polysaceharides -- 2.3. Flocculation by Grafted Polysaccharides.

2.4. Flocculation of Industrial Effluents -- 3. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- POLYSACCHARIDE-GRAFT-POLYETHYLENIMINE AS GENE CARRIERS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. POLYSACCHARIDE/PEI HYBRIDS AS GENE DELIVERY CARRIERS -- 2.1. Cyclodextrin-Graft-PEIs as Gene Delivery Carriers -- 2.2. Dextran-Graft-PEIs as Gene Delivery Carriers -- 2.3. Chitosan-Graft-PEIs as Gene Delivery Carriers -- 3. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- TAILORED POLYSACCHARIDES BASED ON CELLULOSE/POLYELECTROLYTES - PREPARATION, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATIONS -- 2.1. Modified Cellulose -- 2.2. Nanocomposite of Cellulose -- 3. APPLICATIONS -- 3.1. Polyelectrolyte Adsorption -- 3.2. Biomedical Applications -- 3.3. Applications in Drug Allergy Diagnosis -- 3.4. Biosensors -- 3.5. Miscellaneous -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SEMI-SYNTHETIC SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES - PROMISING MATERIALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND SUPRAMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PATHWAYS FOR THE SULFATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES -- 2.1. General Paths -- 2.2. Sulfation of Cellulose -- 2.3. Dextran Sulfates and Mixed Derivatives -- 2.4. Chitosan sulfate -- 2.5. Sulfation of Hemicelluloses -- 3. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SEMI-SYNTHETIC PSS -- 3.1. Anticoagulant Activity -- 3.2. Virucidal Activity and Immune Response -- 3.3. Cancerostatic Activity -- 3.4. Miscellaneous Biological Effects of PSS -- 4. POLYSACCHARIDE SULFATES IN SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES -- 5. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- A PERSPECTIVE ON PROBABILISTIC DESIGN OF CELLULOSE - PLASTIC COMPOSITE STRUCTURES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CELLULOSE - PLASTIC COMPOSITES -- FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILISTIC DESIGN -- THEORY OF PROBABILITY -- Random Variables -- Discrete Random Variable -- Continuous Random Variable.

Jointly Distributed Random Variable -- Transformations of Random Variables -- Probability Distributions -- Uniform Distribution -- Normal Distribution -- Lognormal Distribution -- Reliability Computation -- Monte Carlo Method -- Inverse Transformation Technique -- Importance Sampling -- PROBABILISTIC DESIGN OF CELLULOSE - PLASTIC COMPOSITE STRUCTURES -- PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF MODULUS OF CELLULOSE-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS -- RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF CELLULOSE-PLASTIC COMPOSITE STRUCTURES -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- MEMBRANE MODIFICATION BY DEXTRANSUCRASE- PRODUCED DEXTRAN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. IMMOBILIZATION OF DSASE AND GENERATION OF DEXTRAN [5-7] -- 3. MEMBRANE POROSITY CHANGE WITH THE GENERATED DEXTRAN -- 4. STATIC REJECTION OF COLLOIDAL PARTICLES BY DEXTRAN CHAINS [5] -- 5. FROM STATIC TO DYNAMIC REJECTION OF COLLOIDAL PARTICLES [8] -- 6. LECTIN ADSORPTION BY DEXTRAN CHAINS [9] -- 7. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- IMPROVED HYDROCOLLOID-BASED EDIBLE COATINGS/FILMS SYSTEMS FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS -- 2.1. Polysaccharides -- 2.1.1. Starch -- 2.1.2. Cellulose -- 2.1.3. Chitosan/ Chitin -- 2.1.4. Alginate -- 2.1.5. Carrageenan -- 2.1.6. Galactomannan -- 2.1.7. Plasticizers and Surfactants -- 3. WETTABILITY -- 4. TRANSPORT PROPERTIES -- 4.1. Permeability to Water Vapour -- 4.1.1. Effect f Plasticizer and Surfactant -- 4.1.2. Effect of lipids -- 4.1.3. Effect of Other Application Procedures/Compounds -- 4.2. Permeability to O2 and CO2 -- 4.3. Permeability to Aromas and Flavours -- 5. THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 6. WATER SOLUBILITY -- 7. OPACITY AND COLOUR PARAMETERS -- 8. INCORPORATION OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS -- 8.1. Antimicrobials -- 8.2. Antioxidants -- 8.3. Other Compounds -- 9. APPLICATIONS -- 9.1. STARCH -- 9.2. Cellulose and Derivates -- 9.3. Chitosan.

9.4. Polysaccharides Extracted from Seaweeds.