IMPACT, MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION -- IMPACT, MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- The Editor -- Chapter 1 IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- What is Environmental Pollution? -- Environmental Pollution Causes -- Environmental Pollution Effects -- Ecosystem Effect -- Human Health Effects -- Economic Effects -- 2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND THEIR IMPACTS -- What Substances are Pollutants? -- The Classification of Environmental Pollutants -- 2.1. Solid Pollutants -- 2.1.1. Solid Waste -- Characteristics of Solid Waste -- The Impacts of Solid Waste -- 2.1.2. Hazardous Waste -- Introduction to Hazardous Waste -- Sources of Hazardous Waste -- Impact of Hazardous Waste -- 2.1.3. Radioactive Waste -- Sources of Radioactivity in the Environment -- Biological Effects of Radioactivity -- 2.2.Liquid Pollutants -- 2.2.1. Wastewater -- Source of Wastewater -- What is in Wastewater? -- Domestic Wastewater -- Industrial Wastewater -- Agricultural Wastewater -- Stormwater -- 2.2.2. Sludge Problems -- 2.2.3 Oil Pollution -- Oil Pollution Sources -- Oil Pollution Impacts -- 2.3. Gaseous Pollutants -- 2.3.1. Sulfur Dioxide -- Sources of Sulfur Dioxide -- Impacts of Sulfur Dioxide -- 2.3.2. Nitrogen Oxides -- Sources of Nitrogen Oxides -- Impacts of Nitrogen Oxides -- 2.3.3. Ozone -- Sources of Ozone -- Impacts of Ozone -- 2.3.4. Carbon Monoxide -- Sources of Carbon Monoxide -- Impacts of Carbon Monoxide -- 2.3.5. Indoor Gaseous Pollutants -- 2.4. Other Pollutants and their Impacts -- 2.4.1. Noise Pollution -- What is Noise Pollution? -- Noise Pollution Sources -- Impacts of Noise -- 2.4.2 Natural Disasters and their Pollution -- Volcanic Eruptions -- Coal Fire -- Earthquake -- 3. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CONSTRUCTION PLAYERS AND THEIR ROLES, COMMITMENTAND RESPONSIBILITIES -- 3. IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT -- 4. LAND DEGRADATION -- 5. LOSS OF FLORA AND FAUNA -- 6. SOLID WASTES -- 7. WATER POLLUTION -- 8. AIR POLLUTION -- 9. DEPLETION OF RESOURCES -- 10. NOISE AND VIBRATION -- 12. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS -- 13. HOW TO IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSAND SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS -- 14. MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT -- 15. HOW TO CONDUCT MEASUREMENT -- 16. MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS -- 17. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES: -- Chapter 3 RADIATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, IMPACTS AND USES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION -- 2.1. Natural Sources of Radiation -- (I). Cosmic or Extraterrestrial Sources of Radiation -- Secondary Cosmic Rays and Cosmogenic Radionuclides -- (Ii). Primordial Radionuclides or Terrestrial Sources of Radiation -- 2.2. Artificial Sources of Radiation -- 2.3. Technologically Enhanced Natural Sources of Radiation -- 3. IMPACTS OF RADIATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT -- 3.1. Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on the Impact of Radiation -- 3.2. Developments in the Assessment and Control of Radiological Impacts -- 3.3. Transport of Radionuclides in the Environment -- 3.4. Exposure of the General Public to Natural Background Radiation -- 3.5. Comparing Human Exposures to Natural and Artificial Sources -- 3.6. Beneficial Uses of Radiation in the Environment -- Radio-Tracing -- Radiometric Dating -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 FRESHWATER CYANOBACTERIAL (BLUE-GREEN ALGAE) BLOOMS: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND CONTROL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS -- 1.1. Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cyanobacterial Blooms.

1.2. Factors Affecting Cyanobacterial Bloom Formation and Proliferation -- 1.2.1. Nutrient Enrichment -- 1.2.1.1. Nitrogen -- 1.2.1.2. Phosphorus -- 1.2.2. Environmental Factors -- 1.2.3. Biotic Interactions -- 1.2.4. Water Body Characteristics -- 1.3. Strategies Adopted by Cyanobacteria During Bloom Formation -- 2. CLIMATIC CHANGE AND CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS -- 3. ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS -- 3.1. Decreased Water Transparency -- 3.2. Increased Productivity and Decreased Biodiversity of the Water Body -- 3.3. Decreased Biomass of Benthic Flora -- 3.4. Loss of Aquaculture -- 3.5. Cyanotoxins -- 4. CONTROL OF CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 AVIAN IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY: CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MEASURES OF FORM -- 3. MEASURES OF FUNCTION -- 3.1. In Vivo -- 3.2. In Vitro -- 4. DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOTOXICITY -- 4.1. Avian Studies -- 4.2. Cytokines -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 UNPLANNED URBANIZATION AND ASSOCIATED RISK ON HUMAN EXPOSURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHODOLOGY -- 2.1. Sampling Program -- 2.2. Sampling Procedure Applied -- 2.3. Analysis of Samples for the Study Area -- 2.4. Developing SWQI Program -- 2.5. Method Adopting for Developing SWQI -- 2.6. Development of Surface Water Quality Index (SWQI) Program in C -- 2.7. Calculation of Exposure Index -- 2.8. Development of GIS for the Study Area -- 2.9. Assessment of Surface Water Quality Using GIS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 3.1. Solid Waste Disposal and Garbage Problem -- 3.2. Water Logging Due to Unplanned Urbanization -- 3.3. Increase of Traffic Noise Levels in Sylhet City due to UnplannedUrbanization -- 3.4. Groundwater Fluctuation in Sylhet City -- 3.5. Seismicity and Urbanization.

3.5.1. Surface Water Assessment -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 TOXIC EFFECTS OF LEAD AND CADMIUM AS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS ON THE CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN MODEL MAMMALIAN SPECIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS -- 3. CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS -- 4. NUCLEAR PROTEINS -- 5. MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CAF TIME COURSE -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 MARINE POLLUTION IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND BIOTA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. WHAT IS MARINE POLLUTION? -- A. Direct Outfalls -- B. River Inputs -- C. Shipping -- D. Offshore Inputs -- E. Atmospheric Inputs -- 2. MARINE POLLUTANTS -- 2.1. Sewage -- A. How Does Sewage Pollute? -- B. Sewage Services -- 2.2 Marine Debris -- A. Types of Marine Debris -- B. Source of Debris -- C. Environmental Impacts -- D. Monitoring and Studies on Marine Debris -- 2.3. Toxic Chemicals -- A. How Do Toxic Chemicals Enter the Ocean? -- B. Impacts on Living Organisms -- C. Human Reactions on Toxic Chemicals and Solutions -- 2.4. Heavy Metals -- A. How Do Heavy Metals Enter the Ocean? -- B. Impacts on Living Organisms -- C. Monitoring and Cleaning Up of Heavy Metals -- 2.5. Oil -- A. How Do Oils Enter the Ocean? -- B. Impacts on the Environment and Living Organisms -- C. Monitoring and Control of Oil Pollution -- 2.6. Radioactive Materials -- A. How Do Radioactive Materials Enter the Ocean? -- B. Impacts on Living Organisms -- C. Monitoring and Disposal of Radioactive Materials -- 3. MARINE POLLUTION IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND BIOTA -- 3.1. Contaminants in Water -- 3.1.1. Contaminants in Coastal Waters -- 3.1.2. Contaminants in Open Ocean Waters -- 3.2. Contaminants in Sediments -- 3.3. Contaminants in Organisms -- 3.4. Trends and Conclusions -- 4. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MARINE POLLUTION -- 4.1. Methodology -- 4.2. Conventions on Protection of Marine Environment -- 5. SUMMARY.

Chapter 9 HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHAT IS "HEAVY METAL"? -- 2.1. Essential Elements -Trace Metals -- 2.2. The Solubilty of Heavy Metals and their Compounds in Aquatic Systems -- 3. BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS -- 3.1. Bioaccumulation-Bioconcentration-Biomagnification-Uptake -- 3.2. Biological Concentration Factor (BFC) -- 4. IMPORTANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN THE MARINEORGANISMS' ENVIRONMENT -- 4.1. The Routes for a Substance to Enter a Fish -- 4.2. Mechanisms of Metal Uptake -- 4.3. Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Different Organs -- 5. TOXICITY OF SOME ESSENTIAL AND NONESSENTIAL ELEMENTS -- 5.1. Zinc -- 5.2. Copper -- 5.3. Chromium -- 5.4. Lead -- 5.5. Cadmium -- 5.6. Arsenic -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATIONS IN MEDITERRANEAN SEDIMENTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SPAIN -- 3. FRANCE -- 4. ITALY -- 5. GREECE -- 6. TURKEY -- 7. ISRAEL -- 8. EGYPT -- 9. ALGERIA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 CADMIUM AND ORGANOTIN POLLUTION IN AN ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM ARGENTINA: AN OVERVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HEAVY METAL POLLUTION WITHIN ESTUARIES -- 2.1. Composition and Sources -- 2.2. Metal Toxicity -- 3. THE BAHIA BLANCA ESTUARY AS A STUDY-CASE -- 3.1. Description of the Studied Area -- 3.2. Point and Nonpoint Metal Pollution -- 3.3. Sampling -- 4. ANALITYCAL METHODS -- 4.1. Determination of Cadmium -- 4.2. Determination of Organotin Compounds -- 5. OBTAINED RESULTS -- 5.1. Cadmium -- 5.2. Butyltin Compounds -- 6. CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- Chapter 12 ANTIMONY IN URBAN ROADSIDE SURFACE SOILS: CONCENTRATION, SOURCE AND MODE OF OCCURRENCE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1 Studying Area and Sampling -- 2.2 Determination of Sb Concentrations.

2.3 Chemical Fractionation Method for the Determination of the Mode ofOccurrence of Sb.