ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE, METEOROLOGICAL MODELING AND AERODYNAMICS -- ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE, METEOROLOGICAL MODELING AND AERODYNAMICS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- RESEARCH AND REVIEW STUDIES -- CLIMATOLOGY OF THE ARCTIC PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ARCTIC PBL -- 3. DATA SETS AND PROXIES -- Pan-Arctic Data Sets -- Maritime Arctic Regions -- Central Arctic Regions -- Continental Sub-Arctic Regions -- Greenland Region -- 4. ARCTIC PBL CLIMATOLOGY RECONSTRUCTION -- Dynamic Re-Stratification Processes -- Radiation Re-Stratification Processes -- Temperature Inversions -- Clouds -- Wind Speed and Aero-Dynamical Surface Roughness -- Turbulent Surface Fluxes and the PBL Life-Time -- 5. REGIONAL SPECIFICS OF THE ARCTIC PBL CLIMATOLOGY -- Arctic and Sub-Arctic PBL over Continents (Canadian, Siberian and Alaska Regions) -- Arctic PBL over Ice-Covered Arctic Ocean (Central and Siberian Arctic Regions) -- Arctic PBL over Ice Sheets and Glaciers (Greenland Region) -- Arctic PBL near Ice Edge (Atlantic and Baffin Bay Regions) -- 6. RECENT CHANGES IN THE PBL CLIMATOLOGY -- Representation of Arctic PBL in Meteorological Models -- Projects for Arctic PBL in XXI Century -- 7. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMIC THEORY OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BASIC THEORY OF NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE -- 2.1. The Entropy Equilibrium Equation and the Linear Phenomenological Relations of Atmospheric System -- 2.2. Turbulent Transport of the Atmospheric Heat and Vapor-Fourier's Law, Fick's Law, Dufour Effect and Soret Effect of the Atmospheric Turbulent Eddy Viscosity -- 2.3. The Turbulent Transport of Atmospheric Momentum and the Vortex Theorem.

2.3.1. Linear Phenomenological Relation of the Atmospheric Momentum Transport -- 2.3.2. The Theorem of Turbulent Intensity and the Theorem of Turbulent Momentum Transport -- 2.4. Vortex Theorem -- 3. SIMILARITY THEORY AND DETERMINING LINEAR PHENOMENOLOGICAL COEFFICIENTS -- 3.1. Coexistent Reynolds and Rayleigh-Bénard Turbulences and Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory -- 3.2. Determining the Linear Phenomenological Coefficients of Atmospheric Turbulent Transports -- 3.3. The Experimental Verification of the Theorem of Turbulent Intensity and the Determination of its Phenomenological Coefficients -- 3.3.1. The Scheme for Experimental Verification of the Turbulent Intensity Theorem and the Materials -- 3.3.2. The Properties of the Turbulent Intensity 2w′ and Its Phenomenological Coefficient K33 -- 3.3.3. The Form of the Similarity Function , ()zLφ, of the Turbulent Intensity -- 3.3.4. The Verification of the Theorem of Turbulent Intensity -- 3.3.5. Understanding of the Turbulence from the Theory of Linear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere -- 4. THE CROSS COUPLING BETWEEN THE THERMODYNAMIC AND DYNAMIC PROCESSES -- 4.1. The Principle of Cross Coupling of the Thermodynamic and Dynamic Processes -- 4.2. The Experimental Verification of the Cross Coupling of the Thermodynamic and Dynamic Processes and the Determination of its Coefficient of Cross Coupling -- 4.2.1. The Method of Experimental Verification and the Determination of the Coupling Coefficient -- 4.2.2. The Method and Materials Determining the Coupling Coefficient -- 4.2.3. The Properties of the Coupling Coefficient of the Vertical Velocity -- 4.2.4. The Experimental Verification of the Coupling Effect of Vertical Velocity on the Vertical Heat Flux.

4.3. Some Problems of the Turbulent Transport of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and the Application of Cross Coupling Principle between the Vertical Velocity and Vertical Turbulent Transport -- 4.3.1. The Convective Transport of Large Eddy in the Mixture Layer -- 4.3.2. The Balance of Ground Surface Energy -- 5. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- GENERALIZED SCALE INVARIANCE OF EDGE PLASMA TURBULENCE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EDGE PLASMA IN FUSION DEVICES -- 3. POWER SPECTRUM AND CORRELATIONS -- 4. PROBABILISTIC APPROACH AND THE MULTIFRACTAL STATISTICS -- Probability Density Function -- Scale Symmetry of Generating Equations -- Multifractal Description of Intermittent Turbulence -- Multifractal Statistics -- Multifractal Cascade Process -- Multifractal Spectra -- 6. GENERALIZED SCALE INVARIANCE OF EDGE PLASMA TURBULENCE -- 7. LOG-POISSON MODEL OF INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE -- 5. MODIFIED SCALING OF THE LOG-POISSON MODEL WITH ANISOTROPIC TURBULENT CASCADE -- Log-Poisson Statistics of Waiting-Time -- Test of the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan Phenomenology -- 8. TRANSPORT SCALING LAWS AND SUPERDIFFUSION IN EDGE PLASMA -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- TURBULENCE, TURBULENT MIXING AND DIFFUSION IN SHALLOW-WATER ESTUARIES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS IN SMALL ESTUARIES -- 2.1. Presentation -- 2.2. Turbulence Properties -- 2.3. Field Experiments in Shallow-Water Estuaries with Semi-Diurnal Tides -- 2.4. Instrumentation -- 2.5. Calculations of Turbulence Properties -- 2.6. Turbulent Event Detection Technique -- 3. TURBULENT FLOW PROPERTIES AT THE MACROSCOPIC SCALES: BASIC PATTERNS -- 3.1. Basic Flow Properties -- 3.2. Turbulence Properties -- 3.3. Turbulence Time Scales -- 3.4. Dimensionless Turbulence Parameters -- 3.5. Suspended Sediment Fluxes -- 3.6. Discussion.

4. TURBULENT FLOW PROPERTIES AT THE MICROSCOPIC SCALES: TURBULENT EVENTS -- 4.1. Presentation -- 4.2. Turbulence Event and Sub-Event Statistics -- 4.3. Discussion -- 5. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INTERNET REFERENCES -- OPEN ACCESS REPOSITORIES -- TURBULENT SCALAR TRANSFER MODELING IN REACTING FLOWS -- ABSTRACT -- NOMENCLATURE -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND REYNOLDS ANALOGY -- 2.1. Governing Equations -- 2.2. Reynolds Analogy -- 3. PHYSICAL MODELS -- 3.1. Turbulence Models -- 3.2. Combustion Models -- 3.3. Other Physical Models and Numerical Methods -- 4. APPLICATION OF REYNOLDS ANALOGY TO A TURBULENT JET DIFFUSION FLAME -- 4.1. Some Previous RANS Studies -- 4.2. Simulation of a Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flame -- 4.2.1. Experimental Measurements -- 4.2.2. Computational Domain, Mesh and Boundary Conditions -- 4.2.3. Results and Discussion -- 5. APPLICATION OF REYNOLDS ANALOGY TO A MODEL COMBUSTOR -- 5.1. Experimental Measurements -- 5.2. Numerical Simulations -- 5.2.1. Computational Domain -- 5.2.2. Boundary Conditions and Solution Methods -- 5.3. Results and Discussion -- 5.3.1. Velocity Distributions -- 5.3.2. Temperature Distributions -- 5.3.3. Discussion -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- THE RESEARCH OF THE SOLUTION QUALITY FOR THE K-ε TURBULENCE METHOD WITH USING SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF FLOW PROPERTIES TO MODEL COEFFICIENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS -- THE DETERMINATION OF THE SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENTS FOR THE K-ε STANDARD METHOD -- THE INTERPRETATION OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS RESULTS -- THE METHODS OF THE ANALYSES OF CALCULATIONS ERRORS AND THE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS COEFFICIENTS -- THE DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLE -- THE RESEARCH IN THE WIND TUNNEL -- THE NUMERIC MODELS -- THE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW AROUND THE MODEL AT THE GROUND.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED NUMERICAL METHODS ON QUALITY OF THE SOLUTION -- THE DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSED NUMERICAL METHODS -- THE EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF RESULTS ON THE BASIS OF THE COMPARISON OF THE MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS RESULTS -- THE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE SOLUTION WITH REGARD TO APPLIED NUMERICAL METHODS -- THE RESEARCH OF SOLUTIONS WITH VARIOUS NUMERICAL METHODS -- THE CHOICE OF THE FVM MESH BASED ON THE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PASSIVE AIR SAMPLER FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DIOXIDE USING FLAT POROUS POLYETHYLENE MEMBRANE AS TURBULENCE LIMITING DIFFUSER -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- Sampler Construction -- Influence of Wind-Speed -- DETERMINATION OF SAMPLING RATE -- Sampler Analysis -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Influence of Wind Speed -- Estimation of the Boundary Layer Conductance -- Field Tests of the Oxford Sampler -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUE FOR MODELLING AND FORECASTING OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA: A SURVEY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OVERVIEW ON THE CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR MODELING AND PREDICTION OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA -- 3. APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR THE PREDICTION OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA -- 3.1. Application of Neural Network for Solar Radiation Prediction . -- 3.2. Application of Neural Network and Wavelet for Wind-Speed Prediction -- 3.3. Application of Neural Network for Mean Temperature Prediction -- 3.4. Application of Neural Network for Forecasting Insolation And Diffuse Fraction -- 3.5. Application of Fuzzy Logic for Solar Radiation and Sunshine Duration -- 3.6. Application of Neuro-Fuzzy for Solar Radiation, Sunshine Duration and Clearness Index -- 3.7. Application of Neural Network and Markov Chain for Solar Radiation Prediction.

3.8. Application of Neural Networks and Wavelet Analysis for Forecasting Solar Radiation.