APPENDICITIS: SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENTS -- APPENDICITIS: SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENTS -- Contents -- Preface -- Appendicitis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatments -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Historical Aspects -- Anatomy and Pathophysiology -- Clinical Aspects -- Special Conditions -- Pregnancy -- Children -- Elderly -- Haematological Diseases -- Oncological Diseases -- AIDS -- Diagnosis -- Anamnesis -- Physical Examination -- Laboratorial Findings -- Imaginological Findings -- Radiography -- Ultrasound (US) -- Doppler Ultrasound -- Computed Tomography (CT) -- Magnetic Resonance (MR) -- Scintigraphy -- Differential Diagnosis -- Complications -- Treatment -- Nonoperative Treatment -- Preoperative Period -- Surgical Principles and Technique -- Laparotomy -- Laparoscopy -- Single port laparoscopy -- Postoperative Period -- Final Considerations -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Acute Appendicitis in Pregnancy -- Summary -- Incidence -- History Taking and Clinical Examination -- Examination -- Differential Diagnosis -- Diagnostic Tests -- Laboratory Tests -- Transvaginal Ultrasound -- Graded Abdominal Ultrasound -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan -- Chest Radiograph -- Negative Appendectomy -- Management -- Anesthetic Considerations in the Pregnant Patient -- Open Appendectomy -- Muscle splitting incision (McBurney's incision, gridiron incision) -- Midline vertical incision -- Right transrectal of pararectal incision -- Laparoscopic Appendectomy -- Laparoscopic technique -- Conversion from laparoscopic to open approach -- Risk of drug-induced congenital defects -- Incidental Meckel's diverticulum (MD) during exploration -- Prognosis -- Perforation Rate -- Fetal Mortality -- Maternal Mortality -- References -- Appendicitis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatments -- Abstract -- Introduction.

Etiopathology -- Histopathology -- Bacteriology -- Clinical Manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Differential Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Complications -- References -- Antibiotic Therapy Alone in the Management of Acute Appendicitis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Basic Pathophysiologic Concepts -- Conservative Management vs. Apendicectomy -- Efficacy -- Advantages -- Reduced morbidity -- Short duration of therapy -- Limited intensity and duration of pain / Minimal sick leave -- Reduced cost -- Elimination of the problem of negative appendectomy -- Specific conditions -- Problems-Limitations -- Missing tumors/other diagnoses -- Allergy to the antibiotics -- Resistance to antibiotics -- Tubal infertility -- Selection of Patients for Conservative Management -- Selection of Antibiotics and Follow-up -- References -- Diagnostic Strategies in Acute Appendicitis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Ultrasonography -- Computed Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance -- Conclusion -- References -- Immunology of the Appendix: Effects of Appendectomy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Human Appendix as a Part of the Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT System) -- Appendectomy and Immunoglobulins: Effects of Galtectomy -- Appendectomy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Appendectomy and Cancer -- Neuroimmune Appendicitis -- References -- Utilization of the Alvarado Score to Perform CT for Acute Appendicitis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Conclusion -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Disclosure Statement -- References -- Vermiform Appendix - Embryology, Anatomy and Variations -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Arterial Blood Supply -- Venous Drainage -- Lymphatic Drainage -- Nerve Supply -- Function of Appendix -- Embryology -- Stage 1: Elongation -- Stage 2: Herniation.

Stage 3: Rotation -- Stage 4: Retraction -- Stage 5: Fixation -- Histology -- References -- Appendicitis and Parasitosis -- Summary -- Introduction -- I. Nematodes -- 1. Oxyuriasis -- 2. Ascariasis -- 3. Trichuriasis -- 4. Angiostrongyliasis -- 5. Strongyloidiasis -- 6. Hookworms -- II. Cestodes -- 1. Taeniasis -- 2. Hydatidosis -- III. Trematodes -- 1. Schistosomiasis -- IV. Protozoan -- 1. Amoebiasis -- 2. Balantidiasis -- References -- Appendicitis during Pregnancy: A Serious Disease and a Diagnostic Problem -- Abstract -- Introduction -- History -- Incidence -- Anatomical Appendiceal Displacement -- Diagnostic Features -- Infectious Signs and Laboratory Testing -- Radiological Imaging -- Treatment Strategy and Outcome -- Maternal Morbidity and Mortality and Fetal Loss -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.